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- Carlsson, Lena, 1947-
(författare)
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Medborgarskap som demokratins praktiska uttryck : - diskursiva konstruktioner av gymnasieskolans elever som medborgare
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Carlsson, Lena (2006). ). Medborgarskap som demokratins praktiska uttryck i skolan. Diskursiva konstruktioner av gymnasieelever som medborgare. Citizenship as the practical expression of democracy at school. Discursive constructions of upper secondary pupils as citizens. School and education have a specific status owing to their task to educate young citizens and further their development. It is thus possible to regard schools as a type of public sphere, where individual and private matters are transcended. According to the curriculum for the secondary school system, the professional school staff´s task is two-fold insofar as they should mediate both knowledge and democracy. In this doctoral thesis the focus is placed on how and by what means education can contribute to young members of society finding their place and coping with their roles as citizens in a democratic society. The overall aim of this thesis is to present a deeper interpretation of the meanings and consequences of teachers´ speech concerning upper secondary pupils as citizens. More specifically, the aim is to empirically problematise and theoretically reconstruct pedagogical discourses on citizenship as practical expressions of demoracy in the context of education. Two central terms, which are thus highlighted are democracy and citizenship. Both Durkheim and Dewey provide significant theoretical points of departure, which are drawn upon in this thesis. Bourdieu contributes with perspectives on the ideological role, which institutions of education play in legitimising already existing societal orders. Foucault poses questions about power and knowledge. Habermas’ emphasis is placed on the discursive rationality expressed in verbal communication, which serves as an overall perspective for this thesis. Thus, in terms of methodology language constitutes the most central tool. Analyses are made in three stages. Reforms and policy are supposed to have been created within a central discursive framework and are therefore examined by way of analytical perusal of a) post-war education policy texts and b) current national policy documents concerning the Business and Administration Programme in upper secondary education. The third stage involves analysis of c) eight conversations from the professional school staff’s discursive practice by applying critical discourse analysis as a methodological tool. Four separate discourses have evolved, each pointing to different perspectives on human beings, knowledge and society: a discursive perception which is directed towards traditional values, a second perception which has communication and democracy as its superior ideal, and yet another discourse is directed towards trade and industry while, finally, one more discourse which is mainly characterised by a protective attitude towards pupils. Finally, how these contradictory as well as concordant discourses dictate the conditions and frameworks for the sort of citizenship which is constructed and constituted in the pedagogical practice is discussed, and thus how school as a public sphere may be understood in a more profound way. Key words: democracy, citizenship, critical discourse analysis, discursive constructions, reforms, policy, communication.
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| 2. |
- Nyberg, Jan, 1960-
(författare)
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On implant integration in irradiated bone : clinical and experimental studies
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Radiation has an impact on the processes involved in bone- healing, regeneration and remodeling. The mechanisms that cause impaired bone healing of dental implants are not fully understood. Adjunctive treatments to revers radiation effects are limited. Dental implant surgery can be a risk in irradiated jaws and the risk for osteoradionecrosis is of concern. There is no consensus when to install implant after completed radiation therapy or what radiation dosage might cause impaired bone healing. The overall aim of the studies was to investigate bone tissue reactions adjacent to implants after irradiation.I. A clinically long-term follow-up study was performed to assess the outcome of 18 dental implants inserted in five patients with and without irradiated fibula-reconstructed mandibles. Bone tissue reactions adjacent to 14 micro-implants were histologically evaluated. In the clinical follow-up, 15 implants were in function, with an overall success rate of 83%. The histomorphometric analyses demonstrated an impaired osseointegration with reduced bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA), in irradiated sides.II. In an experimental animal study the aim was to find a critical level for a given single external radiation dosages causing impaired implant osseointegration. 9 rats received a single radiation dose of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy, respectively to one hind-leg while the other served as a control. Three days post radiation two implants were inserted in each hind-leg and after a period of 5 weeks the implants (n=36) were harvested for histological examination. BIC and BA were lower for irradiated samples for dosages of 20 Gy and higher.III. The aim was to investigate the effects of HBO on osseointegration of titanium implants in irradiated bone. 15 rats received an external single radiation dose of 20 Gy to one hind-leg. 3-days post-irradiation 2 implants were inserted in each hind-leg (n=60). The rats were divided in to 2 groups and one group received hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) 3 days post-implant insertion (n=8). After 5 weeks the distal implants were harvested for histological examination (n=30) and the proximal implants were used for removal torque tests (n=30). BIC obtained significant higher values for non-irradiated side, independent of HBO or not. BA obtained significant higher values for irradiated sides in the non-HBO group.IV. The aim was to investigate gene expression in irradiate bone after implant insertion for bone formation, resorption and remodelling. 8 rats, received a single radiation dose of 20 Gy to one hind-leg and two implants inserted in each hind-leg 8 weeks after completed radiation therapy. After 5 weeks bone samples with implants were collected for gene expression analysis. ALP, OC (formation) and RANKL/OPG (remodelling) were down regulated in irradiated samples.Conclusion: Bone-anchored dental bridges can be used in selected oro-mandibular reconstructed patients. Bone quality disturbances with impaired osseointegration for dosages of 20 Gy and more were demonstrated in an animal study model. HBO did not enhance osseointegration of implants placed in rat bone during a five-week follow-up period. Irradiation significant reduces bone formation and remodeling under influence of pro-inflammatory and growth factor cytokines
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| 3. |
- Trbakovic, Amela
(författare)
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Clinical and experimental studies of bone substitutes and dental implants in compromised bone sites
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: With an ageing population, an increase of more challenging implant treatments is expected. In this thesis, we evaluate the outcome of two faster implant protocols, in patients with compromised alveolar bone. We examine the bone integrating abilities of two new synthetic bone substitute materials and in another paper, we discuss the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on bone healing.Aim: In paper I we investigate implant survival and effect of reduced implant-tooth distance. In paper II we evaluate the long-term implant survival and function of immediately loaded implants. In paper III & IV, we analyse if added NSAID reduce postoperative pain and if it has a reduced effect on new bone formation in a rabbit sinus lift model. We also investigate if a ceramic compound (CPC, granules) and hydrogel (HABP.CaP) result in a similar or larger bone amount, in comparison with bovine bone mineral. In Paper V we assess new bone formation adjacent to a hollow CPC implant.Material & Methods: Paper I present a clinical and radiological follow-up, performed on subjects that previously received 3.0-3.3 mm diameter implants in the aesthetic area. In paper II, clinical and radiographic examinations were performed on subjects that had received six implants each with immediate loading in the maxilla 8-11-year ago. For paper III-IV, pain was assessed by clinical examination and scoring of facial expressions from photos. Histomorphometry and histology evaluations were performed. In paper V, a critical radius defect was created and either replaced by particulate autologous bone (AB) or a CPC implant. Qualitative and quantitative radiographic and histology evaluations were performed. Results: In paper I, an implant survival of 97.2% up to 124 months was shown with a tooth-implant distance in many cases of <1.5 mm. Discoloration and recession of the buccal gingiva was the most frequent patient concern. In paper II a cumulative implant survival rate was 81.9 % at the final follow-up. In paper III and IV it was shown that NSAID had no effect on pain relief or bone formation. No difference was shown between CPC and control, but both showed larger bone amount and BIC than HABP.CaP. In paper V new bone was seen in sites throughout the entire CPC implant.Conclusion: Satisfactory long-term dental implant results can be obtained without bone augmentation in most patients with atrophic alveolar bone, but there is still a minority in this group that may benefit of bone enhancement prior to implant treatment. To avoid the negative effects of autologous bone grafting, synthetic materials as the presented CPC, have shown promising results as a solution or alternative to existing bone substitutes in animal models.
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