| 1. |
- Gylestam, Daniel, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Dry Sampling of Gas-Phase Isocyanates and Isocyanate Aerosols from Thermal Degradation of Polyurethane
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 58:1, s. 28-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a dry sampler, with an impregnated denuder in series with a glass fibre filter, using di-n-butylamine (DBA) for airborne isocyanates (200ml min−1) is investigated and compared with an impinger flask with a glass fibre filter in series (1 l min−1). An exposure chamber containing 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the concentration range of 5–205 μg m−3 [0.7–33 p.p.b.; relative humidity (RH) 50%], generated by gas- and liquid-phase permeation, was used for the investigation. The precision for the dry sampling for five series with eight samplers were in the range of 2.0–6.1% with an average of 3.8%. During 120-min sampling (n = 4), no breakthrough was observed when analysing samplers in series. Sixty-four exposed samplers were analysed after storage for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. No breakdown of isocyanate derivatives was observed. Twenty-eight samplers in groups of eight were collecting isocyanates during 0.5–32h. Virtually linear relationships were obtained with regard to sampling time and collected isocyanates with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.998–0.999 with the intercept close to the origin. Pre- or post-exposure to ambient air did not affect the result. Dry sampling (n = 48) with impinger-filter sampling (n = 48) of thermal decomposition product of polyurethane polymers, at RH 20, 40, 60, and 90%, was compared for 11 isocyanate compounds. The ratio between the different isocyanates collected with dry samplers and impinger-filter samplers was in the range of 0.80–1.14 for RH = 20%, 0.8–1.25 for RH = 40%, 0.76–1.4 for RH = 60%, and 0.72–3.7 for RH = 90%. Taking into account experimental errors, it seems clear that isocyanic acid DBA derivatives are found at higher levels in the dry samples compared with impinger-filter samplers at elevated humidity. The dry sampling using DBA as the reagent enables easy and robust sampling without the need of field extraction.
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| 2. |
- Ahrensbøll-Friis, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic contact dermatitis from dyes used in the temple of spectacles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 86:1, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We observed an increasing number of patients who presented with facial or retro-auricular dermatitis after skin contact with plastic spectacles or plastic covered temples. Objectives: To identify the allergens in plastic spectacles that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: All patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to eyewear were tested with Solvent Orange 60 (SO60), four additionally with Solvent Yellow 14 (SY14), and five with scrapings from their own spectacles. In one case, a chemical analysis of the spectacles was performed to uncover the causative allergen. Results: Three patients were allergic to SO60, two patients to SY14, and two patients were allergic to both SO60 and SY14. Conclusion: Patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis from spectacles should be tested with SO60 and SY14, and based on findings from previous reports, also with Solvent Red 179.
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| 3. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Aerosolization and recovery of viable murine norovirus in an experimental setup
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noroviruses are the major cause for viral acute gastroenteritis in the world. Despite the existing infection prevention strategies in hospitals, the disease continues to spread and causes extensive and numerous outbreaks. Hence, there is a need to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission of norovirus. In this study, we developed an experimental setup for studies on the infectivity of aerosolized murine norovirus (MNV), a model for the human norovirus. Two aerosol generation principles were evaluated: bubble bursting, a common natural aerosolization mechanism, and nebulization, a common aerosolization technique in laboratory studies. The aerosolization setup was characterized by physical and viral dilution factors, generated aerosol particle size distributions, and the viral infectivity after aerosolization. We found a lower physical dilution factor when using the nebulization generator than with the bubble bursting generator. The viral dilution factor of the system was higher than the physical dilution; however, when comparing the physical and viral dilution factors, bubble bursting generation was more efficient. The infectivity per virus was similar using either generation principle, suggesting that the generation itself had a minor impact on MNV infectivity and that instead, the effect of drying in air could be a major reason for infectivity losses.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Antelmi, Annarita, et al.
(författare)
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4,4′-Thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), an antioxidant in medical devices that may cause allergic contact dermatitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - 0105-1873. ; 89:2, s. 103-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antioxidants in medical devices, added to protect polymers or adhesives, may also cause contact dermatitis in some individuals. Objectives: To present data on sensitization to 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), an antioxidant detected in some types of medical devices, for six patients that experienced eczematous reactions to different medical devices. Methods: Patch testing with 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), 1% pet was performed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for identification of 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) in different medical device products. Results: Six patients with contact allergy to 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) also had relevant contact allergic reactions to medical devices containing the antioxidant. The presence of the antioxidant in products was detected using GC-MS analysis. Conclusions: The antioxidant 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) may cause allergic contact dermatitis after exposure to different medical devices.
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| 9. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A positive cobalt spot test falsely indicating an occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cobalt.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 69:3, s. 172-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For investigation of chemical exposure in allergic individuals, spot tests are invaluable. A reagent may react with a specific compound to give a specific typical colour, and thus indicate the presence of the specific substance. Spot tests can give both false-negative and false-positive reactions. To confirm the presence of the substance and quantify it, more sophisticated methods are required. On the basis of a positive cobalt spot test result, a woman was initially diagnosed with an occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cobalt.
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| 10. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Increased rates of fragrance allergy in fibromyalgia individuals tested with the Swedish baseline patch test series
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 37:1, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact allergy can manifest in a variety of ways clinically. Systemic contact allergy may occasionally present with pain in muscles and joints. Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by pain and with virtually unknown aetiology. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the contact allergy rates to the sensitizers in a baseline series and compare with corresponding rates in dermatitis patients and the general population. Methods: Patch testing with the Swedish baseline series was performed in 120 individuals with fibromyalgia. Fisher's exact test was used for pair-wise comparisons of contact allergy rates between the fibromyalgia group and two control groups, dermatitis patients and individuals in the general population. Results: Contact allergy was significantly more common in the fibromyalgia group compared to the general population concerning nickel and the fragrance markers Myroxolon pereirae and fragrance mix I. There were fewer allergic reactions to preservatives in the fibromyalgia group compared with the dermatitis group. Conclusions: Myroxolon pereirae and fragrance mix I represent besides fragrance allergy also allergy to flavouring substances which indicate that oral exposure to flavouring substances and hygiene products might be important for sensitization and possibly elicitation of systemic contact allergy symptoms in fibromyalgia individuals.
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