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| 2. |
- Dahlman-Hoglund, A., et al.
(författare)
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Endotoxin in Aerosol Particles from Metalworking Fluids Measured with a Sioutas Cascade Impactor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 66:2, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize personal occupational exposure to endotoxin in size-separated airborne particles of MWF aerosol, using a Sioutas cascade impactor (SCI). Methods Exposure to inhalable fractions of MWF aerosol and endotoxin was measured by personal sampling of 52 individuals over an 8-h work shift using a PAS-6 sampler in parallel with a SCI (<0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.5, and 2.5-10 mu m). Aerosol mass concentration was measured for each worker with a real-time instrument (DataRAM) during a full shift. Samples of MWF were collected from the machines and central tanks during the work shift. Results A total of 117 measurements of inhalable MWF aerosols were made among 52 workers. The geometric mean of inhalable MWF aerosol was 0.16 mg m(-3) air. The geometric mean of endotoxin concentration on the inhalable sampler was 0.15 EU m(-3). Airborne endotoxin was found on all size fractions from the impactor, with the major part seen in the fraction (2.5-10 mu m). There was a correlation between the inhalable fraction of endotoxin measured by the PAS-6 sampler and on the SCI sampler (2.5-10 mu m), estimated to be 0.51 for all samples (P < 0.0001). The concentration of endotoxin varied between the MWFs, as did the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria among the culturable bacteria (>80% in one MWF and <1.5% in the other three). Conclusions The personal exposure to inhalable fractions of endotoxin contained in the MWF aerosol were low, where most of the endotoxin were found in fraction (2.5-10 mu m), measured by SCI. There are differences between factories and MWF systems regarding the distribution of endotoxin and so results from one context should not be generalized to other plants and systems. Compressed air was used for less than 10 min shift(-1). The mixed-effect model showed that working with open machines and grinding as cutting task were important determinants of exposure to inhalable aerosol. It is important to keep occupational exposure to aerosols low with the help of good ventilation systems, enclosed machines, and organization of work.
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- Hanson, Lars Å, et al.
(författare)
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Immunological mechanisms of the gut.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 0905-6157. ; 6 Suppl 8, s. 7-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Modigh, C M, et al.
(författare)
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Time to pregnancy among partners of men exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 28:6, s. 418-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study assessed paternal occupational exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in association with reduced fertility. Methods Men working in three plants with DEHP exposure were studied retrospectively. Male and female employees and their partners were invited to participate if they had reported a pregnancy or an attempt to achieve a pregnancy. Postal questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to collect additional data from the men and women, respectively. Information on time to pregnancy was eligible for 326 pregnancies fathered by 193 men. Male exposure to DEHP during every month of their time to pregnancy was classified into one of three exposure categories. The exposure ranged from <0.1 to 2.1 mg/ml(3). The fathers of only four pregnancies had DEHP exposure of >0.5 mg/m(3) during the time to pregnancy. The pregnancies of employed women with unexposed partners or pregnancies of employed men unexposed during the time to pregnancy formed the reference group. Results The fecundability ratio for time to pregnancy was 1.07 [95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 0.84-1.351 for those with low exposure and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70-1.33) for the highly exposed after adjustment for the father's age, mother's age, and length of recall. When the analyses were restricted to first pregnancy, the fecundability ratio was 1.13 (95% Cl 0.83-1.56) for low exposure and 1.02 (95% Cl 0.66-1.59) for high exposure. Conclusions Time to pregnancy is not prolonged among couples with paternal exposure to DEHP at a mean exposure level of <0.5 mg/ml.
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- Torén, Kjell, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to dust and to fumes, work as a welder and invasive pneumococcal disease risk
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 77:2, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Occupational exposures to metal fumes have been associated with increased pneumonia risk, but the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has not been characterised previously. Methods We studied 4438 cases aged 20-65 from a Swedish registry of invasive infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The case index date was the date the infection was diagnosed. Six controls for each case, matched for gender, age and region of residency, were selected from the Swedish population registry. Each control was assigned the index date of their corresponding case to define the study observation period. We linked cases and controls to the Swedish registries for socioeconomic status (SES), occupational history and hospital discharge. We applied a job-exposure matrix to characterise occupational exposures. We used conditional logistic analyses, adjusted for comorbidities and SES, to estimate the OR of IPD and the subgroup pneumonia-IPD, associated with selected occupations and exposures in the year preceding the index date. Results Welders manifested increased risk of IPD (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.09 to 4.30). Occupational exposures to fumes and silica dust were associated with elevated odds of IPD (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.21 and OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.58, respectively). Risk associated with IPD with pneumonia followed a similar pattern with the highest occupational odds observed among welders and among silica dust exposed. Conclusion Work specifically as a welder, but also occupational exposures more broadly, increase the odds for IPD. Welders, and potentially others with relevant exposures, should be offered pneumococcal vaccination.
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