| 1. |
- Forsman, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Eye tracking during high speed naviation at sea : Field trial in search of navigational gaze behaviour
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Technologies. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2160-0473 .- 2160-0481. ; 2, s. 277-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Professional high speed sea navigational procedures are based on turn points, courses, dangers and steering cues in the environment. Since navigational aids have become less expensive and due to the fact that electronic sea charts can be integrated with both radar and transponder information, it may be assumed that traditional navigation by using paper based charts and radar will play a less significant role in the future, especially among less experienced navigators. Possible navigational differences between experienced and non-experienced boat drivers is thus of interest with regards to their use of navigational aids. It may be assumed that less experienced navigators rely too much on the information given by the electronic sea chart, despite the fact that it is based on GPS information that can be questioned, especially in littoral waters close to land.Method: This eye tracking study investigates gaze behaviour from 16 experi- enced and novice boat drivers during high speed navigation at sea.Results: The results show that the novice drivers look at objects that are close to themselves, like instrumentation, while the experienced look more at objects far away from the boat. This is in accordance with previous research on car drivers. Further, novice boat drivers used the elec-tronic navigational aids to a larger extent than the experienced, especially during high speed conditions. The experienced drivers focused much of their attention on objects outside the boat.Conclusions: The findings verify that novice boat drivers tend to rely on electronic navigational aids. Experienced drivers presumably use the navigational aids to verify what they have observed in the surrounding environment and further use the paper based sea chart to a larger extent than the novice drivers.
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| 2. |
- Reidhav, David, et al.
(författare)
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Nyare teorier
- 2006
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Ingår i: Rättsfilosofi : samhälle och moral genom tiderna. - 9144047045 ; 2. uppl., s. 156-193
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Reidhav, David, et al.
(författare)
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Några nyare teorier
- 2001
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Ingår i: Rättsfilosofi : samhälle och moral genom tiderna. - 9144015178 ; 1. uppl., s. 137-164
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Sjukvård ombord : teknik och metodutveckling för akut omhändertagande
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sjöfart har alltid varit ett högriskyrke. Långa resor, extrema väderförhållanden, sjukdomar och olyckor kan påverka besättningen ombord på fartyg. De är inte bara utsatta för större risker, sjömän är också isolerade från de vanliga kanalerna till medicinsk vård och hjälp som finns tillgänglig på land. Ombord på fartyg råder andra förutsättningar än i land för att bedriva sjukvård. Tillgången till medicinskt utbildad personal som på ett adekvat sätt kan bistå kan inte tas för given och möjligheten till sjukvård försvåras ytterligare när fartygen befinner sig långt ut till havs. Ombord på fartyg utförs det akuta/semi-akuta medicinska omhändertagandet av personal med begränsad medicinsk utbildning och erfarenhet, och dessutom med begränsad tillgång till tekniska hjälpmedel och läkemedel. Syftet med denna förstudie är att beskriva de förutsättningar som finns ombord idag och jämföra med de resurser som finns inom prehospital sjukvård i land. Ytterligare avser studien göra en behovsanalys för att beskriva vilket behov som finns ombord för att kunna uppnå god kvalitet på vården och för att kunna förse rådgivande läkare i land med bättre förutsättningar för framgångsrik diagnosticering och vårdrekommendationer. Förslag på teknik och lösningar kommer redovisas för att möta dessa behov. Ytterligare syftar förstudien till att ta fram ett underlag för en större ansökan till ett projekt där t.ex. delar av tekniken som återfinns i land placeras ut på fartyg för att testas och utvärderas under en period.
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| 5. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A case study of user adherence and software project performance barriers from a sociotechnical viewpoint
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 787, s. 12-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A marine propeller company and a technical university collaborated to optimize the company’s existing propeller design software. This paper reviews the project based on a sociotechnical perspective to organizational change on (a) how the university-company project and user involvement were organized, and (b) what the main management barriers were and why they may have occurred. Fieldwork included interviews and observations with university and company stakeholders over thirteen months. The data was analyzed and sorted into themes describing the barriers, such as lack of a planned strategy for deliverables or resource use in the project; the users exhibited low adherence towards the optimized software, as well as there was limited time and training allocated for them to test it. Lessons learned suggest clarifying stakeholder roles and contributions, and engaging the users earlier and beyond testing the software for malfunctions to enhance knowledge mobilization, involve them in the change and increase acceptance.
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| 6. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived success factors of participatory ergonomics in ship design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Occupational Ergonomics. - : IOS Press. - 1359-9364 .- 1875-9092. ; 12:4, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The more complex and perilous a sociotechnical system is, the more crucial it is to have users and other relevant stakeholder groups in focus throughout its design lifecycle. In the design and development of ships and ship systems, there has been resistance towards the integration of ergonomic principles through a human-centred approach as well as to involving the user. This inattention can result in an inadequate design, which may have negative repercussions on usability, ultimately threatening the safety of onboard operations, overall system performance and the well-being of the crew.OBJECTIVE: This study explores the perceived success factors of participatory ergonomics based on the standpoint of young seafarers.METHODS: Such is achieved by examining a focus group with cadets inspired by Grounded Theory approach.RESULTS: The findings reveal user participation as a designer’s essential contact with reality, provided that a set of pre-conditions that supports the success of participatory ergonomics can be fulfilled: involving the right users and filling in the gap between end-user needs and ship-owner requirements. The consequent success factors are described at a usability level, an intrinsic level for the end-users, and ultimately at the level of increased safety and efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: User input may not only affect design as an outcome, it may also influence the way participatory ergonomics is performed in the maritime sector.
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| 7. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Navigators’ views of a collision avoidance decision support system for maritime navigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Navigation. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0373-4633 .- 1469-7785. ; 75:5, s. 1035-1048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime navigation is a complex task involving the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of information using seamanship, professional knowledge, and technology. As the maritime industry transitions towards maritimeautonomous surface ships (MASS), there is an increasing gap between the operator and the technology. This paper explores a collision avoidance decision support system for navigation from the navigator’s perspective. The system, developed by Wärtsilä, is called Advanced Intelligent Manoeuvring (AIM) and can generate suggestions for course or speed alterations based on data from surrounding traffic. Nineteen Swedish navigators completed three ship traffic scenarios with and without decision support. Qualitative data were collected using interviews and analysed with thematic analysis. The results show that the participants perceive the decision support system as an advisory tool to visualise how traffic situations could unfold, a task currently difficult for most navigators. This paper discusses the present and near future of maritime navigation, highlighting the benefits of automation, whileremaining vigilant about the potential dangers.
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| 8. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Using operational scenarios in a virtual reality enhanced design process
- 2021
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Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-7102. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime user interfaces for ships’ bridges are highly dependent on the context in which they are used, and rich maritime context is difficult to recreate in the early stages of user-centered design processes. Operations in Arctic waters where crews are faced with extreme environmental conditions, technology limitations and a lack of accurate navigational information further increase this challenge. There is a lack of research supporting the user-centered design of workplaces for hazardous Arctic operations. To meet this challenge, this paper reports on the process of developing virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios to connect stakeholders, end-users, designers, and human factors specialists in a joint process. This paper explores how virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios can be used as a tool both for concept development and user testing. Three operational scenarios were developed, implemented in a full mission bridge simulator, recreated in virtual reality (VR), and finally tested on navigators (end-users). Qualitative data were captured throughout the design process and user-testing, resulting in a thematic analysis that identified common themes reflecting the experiences gained throughout this process. In conclusion, we argue that operational scenarios, rendered in immersive media such as VR, may be an important and reusable asset when supporting maritime design processes and in maritime training and education.
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| 9. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Applied Cognitive Task Analysis as a tool for analyzing work demands in a C4I environment: a case study using a mid-fidelity simulation
- 2011
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Ingår i: D. de Waard, N. Gérard, L. Onnasch, R. Wiczorek, and D. Manzey (Eds.) (2011). Human Centred Automation. - 9789042304062 ; , s. 313 - 326
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The majority of worldwide goods transportation is carried out by ships at sea. In order to promote safety in narrow waters and around major ports, several countries have installed Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). VTS operators monitor a specific geographical area and support and direct ships that sail through the area, primarily making the navigating officer of each ship aware of the current traffic situation, local weather and geographical conditions. In this, the VTS domain represents a civilian Command, Control, Communications, Computer and Intelligence (C4I) environment. Identifying user needs and analysing user behaviour in these environments require appropriate methods that are comprehensive and valid. This paper presents an adapted use of the Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) in a case study where an interactive mid-fidelity scenario for the phase of the Simulation Interview has been used. The use of the interactive simulation as a knowledge eliciting tool within the context of ACTA is discussed and assessed using Hoffman’s method evaluation criteria.
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| 10. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring non-technical miscommunication in vessel traffic service operation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology and Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 15:3, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vessel traffic services (VTS) are maritimetraffic monitoring systems used in port approaches, confinedor congested waters. VTS operators (VTSOs) monitor aspecific geographical area and support and direct ships thatsail through the area, primarily making the navigatingofficer or pilot of each ship aware of the current trafficsituation, local weather and geographical conditions. Weused an interactive mid-fidelity simulation as a knowledgeeliciting tool to explore the work situation of VTSOs.During the simulation, VTSOs from a VTS centre inSweden ran a scenario based on a normal traffic situation intheir local fairway. Results indicate that the VTSOs, eventhough they are well aware of crucial events in the fairway,at times choose not to inform navigating officers or pilotsof these safety aspects apart from when subject to protocol.The present paper put forward elements behind this form ofmiscommunication and presents results indicating that themajor contributing factor is the VTSOs’ anticipation ofnegative attitudes between working groups participating inthe VTS system and the lack of sufficient regulation withregard to the role and responsibilities of VTSOs.
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