| 1. |
- Honkalampi-Hämäläinen, U., et al.
(författare)
-
Safety evaluation of food contact paper and board using chemical tests and in vitro bioassays : Role of known and unknown substances
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Food Additives and Contaminants. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0265-203X .- 1464-5122. ; 27:3, s. 406-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro toxicological tests have been proposed as an approach to complement the chemical safety assessment of food contact materials, particularly those with a complex or unknown chemical composition such as paper and board. Among the concerns raised regarding the applicability of in vitro tests are the effects of interference of the extractables on the outcome of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests applied and the role of known compounds present in chemically complex materials, such as paper and board, either as constituents or contaminants. To answer these questions, a series of experiments were performed to assess the role of natural substances (wood extracts, resin acids), some additives (diisopropylnaphthalene, phthalates, acrylamide, fluorescent whitening agents) and contaminants (2,4-diaminotoluene, benzo[a]pyrene) in the toxicological profile of paper and board. These substances were individually tested or used to spike actual paper and board extracts. The toxic concentrations of diisopropylnaphthalenes and phthalates were compared with those actually detected in paper and board extracts showing conspicuous toxicity. According to the results of the spiking experiments, the extracts did not affect the toxicity of tested chemicals nor was there any significant metabolic interference in the cases where two compounds were used in tests involving xenobiotic metabolism by the target cells. While the identified substances apparently have a role in the cytotoxicity of some of the project samples, their presence does not explain the total toxicological profile of the extracts. In conclusion, in vitro toxicological testing can have a role in the safety assessment of chemically complex materials in detecting potentially harmful activities not predictable by chemical analysis alone.
|
|
| 2. |
- Pelkmans, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring the Impact of Sustainability Certification in Relation to Biomass Use for Energy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: EUBCE 2012 proceedings. - 9788889407547 ; , s. 2013-2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the public has expressed concern about unintended consequences associated with potentially unsustainable biomass production and use for energy (or biofuels), producers of biomass feedstocks in the private sector as well as governmental and non-governmental organisations have initiated many generally unlinked efforts to define 'sustainable' bioenergy production and supply chains. These 'sustainability' standards may be implemented through certification systems involving 3rd party audit, and influence production systems and trade of bioenergy products from producers to consumers of ‘green' energy. At present numerous biomass and biofuel sustainability certification systems are being developed or implemented by a variety of private and public organisations. Systems are applicable to different feedstock production sectors (forests, agricultural crops), different bioenergy products (relatively unprocessed forest residues, ethanol, biodiesel, electricity), and whole or segments of supply chains (production system, chain of custody from growers to energy consumers). It is expected that such a wide range of systems, developed largely without coordination among the organisations involved, could be problematic for all stakeholders along the supply chain in individual sectors and for those involved in deployment of bioenergy systems globally. These are individual feedstock producers, companies and commodity sectors that must comply with these systems either to maintain market access and share or to comply with legislative mandates, and also consumers who prefer to purchase certified green energy, and regulatory agencies and local to national governments that may be involved in enforcing sustainability standards. The potential for confusion among the actors, depression of markets, and unnecessary restrictions on sustainable trade seems high. Within IEA Bioenergy a strategic study was initiated between Task 40, Task 43 and Task 38 to monitor the actual implementation process of sustainability certification of bioenergy, evaluate how stakeholders are affected by certification initiatives, quantify the anticipated impact on worldwide bioenergy trade, assess the level of coordination among schemes, and make recommendations to remove barriers which may depress markets and reduce sustainable trade. Interaction with different stakeholder groups is one of the main objectives of this study, so we anticipate the recommendations being representative of the whole bioenergy certification sector and therefore having high potential to improve an otherwise uncoordinated interest in ensuring bioenergy trade is sustainable.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bradley, E. L., et al.
(författare)
-
The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments : Preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 46:7, s. 2498-2509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen food contact papers and boards and one non-food contact board were extracted following test protocols developed within European Union funded project BIOSAFEPAPER. The extraction media were either hot or cold water, 95% ethanol or Tenax, according to the end use of the sample. The extractable dry matter content of the samples varied from 1200 to 11,800 mg/kg (0.8-35.5 mg/dm2). According to GC-MS the main substances extracted into water were pulp-derived natural products such as fatty acids, resin acids, natural wood sterols and alkanols. Substances extracted into ethanol particularly, were diisopropylnaphthalenes, alkanes and phthalic acid esters. The non-food contact board showed the greatest number and highest concentrations of GC-MS detectable compounds. The extracts were subjected to a battery of in vitro toxicity tests measuring both acute and sublethal cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects. None of the water or Tenax extracts was positive in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity assays. The ethanol extract of the non-food contact board gave a positive response in the genotoxicity assays, and all four ethanol extracts gave positive response(s) in the cytotoxicity assays to some extent. These responses could not be pinpointed to any specific compound, although there appeared a correlation between the total amount of extractables and toxicity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dahlman, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on the expression of prostate cancer biomarkers MSMB and MSMB-binding protein CRISP3
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1365-7852 .- 1476-5608. ; 13:4, s. 369-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the effects of short-term neoadjuvant and long-term androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on β-microseminoprotein (MSMB) and cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP3) expression in prostate cancer patients. We also studied if MSMB expression was related to genotype and epigenetic silencing. Using an Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis, we investigated the expression of MSMB, CRISP3, androgen receptor (AR), KLK3 and Enhancer of Zeste Homologue-2 (EZH2) in tissue from prostate cancer patients receiving (n=17) or not receiving (n=23) ADT before radical prostatectomy. MSMB, CRISP3 and AR were studied in tissue from the same patients undergoing TURP before and during ADT (n=16). MSMB genotyping of these patients was performed by TaqMan PCR. MSMB and KLK3 expression levels decreased during ADT. Expression levels of AR and CRISP3 were not affected by short-term ADT but were high in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastases. Levels of EZH2 were also high in metastases, where MSMB was low. Genotyping of the MSMB rs10993994 polymorphism showed that the TT genotype conveys poor MSMB expression. MSMB expression is influenced by androgens, but also by genotype and epigenetic silencing. AR and CRISP3 expression are not influenced by short-term ADT, and high levels were found in CRPC and metastases.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Uusitupa, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome : a randomized study (SYSDIET)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 274:1, s. 52-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome. Methods We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55years, BMI 31.6kgm-2, 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. Results Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmolL-1 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P=0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P=0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P=0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37ngL-1, P= 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P=0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P=0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra. Conclusions Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
