| 1. |
- Fukui, A., et al.
(författare)
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TOI-1749: an M dwarf with a Trio of Planets including a Near-resonant Pair
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-3881 .- 0004-6256. ; 162:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the discovery of one super-Earth- (TOI-1749b) and two sub-Neptune-sized planets (TOI-1749c and TOI-1749d) transiting an early M dwarf at a distance of 100 pc, which were first identified as planetary candidates using data from the TESS photometric survey. We have followed up this system from the ground by means of multiband transit photometry, adaptive optics imaging, and low-resolution spectroscopy, from which we have validated the planetary nature of the candidates. We find that TOI-1749b, c, and d have orbital periods of 2.39, 4.49, and 9.05 days, and radii of 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 R (circle plus), respectively. We also place 95% confidence upper limits on the masses of 57, 14, and 15 M (circle plus) for TOI-1749b, c, and d, respectively, from transit timing variations. The periods, sizes, and tentative masses of these planets are in line with a scenario in which all three planets initially had a hydrogen envelope on top of a rocky core, and only the envelope of the innermost planet has been stripped away by photoevaporation and/or core-powered mass-loss mechanisms. These planets are similar to other planetary trios found around M dwarfs, such as TOI-175b,c,d and TOI-270b,c,d, in the sense that the outer pair has a period ratio within 1% of 2. Such a characteristic orbital configuration, in which an additional planet is located interior to a near 2:1 period-ratio pair, is relatively rare around FGK dwarfs.
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| 2. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Brasseur, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement report: Introduction to the HyICE-2018 campaign for measurements of ice-nucleating particles and instrument inter-comparison in the Hyytiala boreal forest
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 22:8, s. 5117-5145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of ice particles in Earth's atmosphere strongly influences the dynamics and optical properties of clouds and their impacts on the climate system. Ice formation in clouds is often triggered heterogeneously by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) that represent a very low number of particles in the atmosphere. To date, many sources of INPs, such as mineral and soil dust, have been investigated and identified in the low and mid latitudes. Although less is known about the sources of ice nucleation at high latitudes, efforts have been made to identify the sources of INPs in the Arctic and boreal environments. In this study, we investigate the INP emission potential from high-latitude boreal forests in the mixed-phase cloud regime. We introduce the HyICE-2018 measurement campaign conducted in the boreal forest of Hyytiala, Finland, between February and June 2018. The campaign utilized the infrastructure of the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II, with additional INP instruments, including the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber I and II (PINC and PINCii), the SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN), the Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE), the Ice Nucleation SpEctrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (INSEKT) and the Microlitre Nucleation by Immersed Particle Instrument (mu L-NIPI), used to quantify the INP concentrations and sources in the boreal environment. In this contribution, we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures during HyICE-2018, and we report results from specific time periods where INP instruments were run in parallel for inter-comparison purposes. Our results show that the suite of instruments deployed during HyICE-2018 reports consistent results and therefore lays the foundation for forthcoming results to be considered holistically. In addition, we compare measured INP concentrations to INP parameterizations, and we observe good agreement with the Tobo et al. (2013) parameterization developed from measurements conducted in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem in Colorado, USA.
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| 4. |
- Rieb, Jesse T., et al.
(författare)
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When, Where, and How Nature Matters for Ecosystem Services : Challenges for the Next Generation of Ecosystem Service Models
- 2017
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 67:9, s. 820-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many decision-makers are looking to science to clarify how nature supports human well-being. Scientists' responses have typically focused on empirical models of the provision of ecosystem services (ES) and resulting decision-support tools. Although such tools have captured some of the complexities of ES, they can be difficult to adapt to new situations. Globally useful tools that predict the provision of multiple ES under different decision scenarios have proven challenging to develop. Questions from decision-makers and limitations of existing decision-support tools indicate three crucial research frontiers for incorporating cutting-edge ES science into decision-support tools: (1) understanding the complex dynamics of ES in space and time, (2) linking ES provision to human well-being, and (3) determining the potential for technology to substitute for or enhance ES. We explore these frontiers in-depth, explaining why each is important and how existing knowledge at their cutting edges can be incorporated to improve ES decision-making tools.
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| 5. |
- Bortz, Robert H., et al.
(författare)
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Single-Dilution COVID-19 Antibody Test with Qualitative and Quantitative Readouts
- 2021
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Ingår i: mSphere. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2379-5042. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to place an immense burden on societies and health care systems. A key component of COVID-19 control efforts is serological testing to determine the community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and quantify individual immune responses to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Here, we describe a laboratory-developed antibody test that uses readily available research-grade reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 exposure in patient blood samples with high sensitivity and specificity. We further show that this sensitive test affords the estimation of viral spike-specific IgG titers from a single sample measurement, thereby providing a simple and scalable method to measure the strength of an individual's immune response. The accuracy, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness of this test make it an excellent option for clinical deployment in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.IMPORTANCE Serological surveillance has become an important public health tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Detection of protective antibodies and seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination can help guide patient care plans and public health policies. Serology tests can detect antibodies against past infections; consequently, they can help overcome the shortcomings of molecular tests, which can detect only active infections. This is important, especially when considering that many COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic. In this study, we describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based qualitative and quantitative serology test developed to measure IgG and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The test can be deployed using commonly available laboratory reagents and equipment and displays high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IgG titers in patient samples can be estimated from a single measurement, enabling the assay's use in high-throughput clinical environments.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gross, Sean M., et al.
(författare)
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A multi-omic analysis of MCF10A cells provides a resource for integrative assessment of ligand-mediated molecular and phenotypic responses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenotype of a cell and its underlying molecular state is strongly influenced by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. While these signals are normally tightly controlled, their dysregulation leads to phenotypic and molecular states associated with diverse diseases. To develop a detailed understanding of the linkage between molecular and phenotypic changes, we generated a comprehensive dataset that catalogs the transcriptional, proteomic, epigenomic and phenotypic responses of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells after exposure to the ligands EGF, HGF, OSM, IFNG, TGFB and BMP2. Systematic assessment of the molecular and cellular phenotypes induced by these ligands comprise the LINCS Microenvironment (ME) perturbation dataset, which has been curated and made publicly available for community-wide analysis and development of novel computational methods ( synapse.org/LINCS_MCF10A ). In illustrative analyses, we demonstrate how this dataset can be used to discover functionally related molecular features linked to specific cellular phenotypes. Beyond these analyses, this dataset will serve as a resource for the broader scientific community to mine for biological insights, to compare signals carried across distinct molecular modalities, and to develop new computational methods for integrative data analysis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ankarklev, Johan, 1980-
(författare)
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Inter and Intra-Assemblage Characterizations of Giardia intestinalis: from clinic to genome
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. duodenalis) is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease throughout the world, where an estimated 500 million people are infected annually. Despite efforts in trying to elucidate factors associated with virulence in G. intestinalis little is currently known. The disease outcome is highly variable in Giardia infected individuals, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to severe disease. The reasons behind the differences in disease outcome are vaguely understood and studies trying to link infectivity to different Giardia assemblages or sub-assemblages have rendered conflicting results. Prior to this study, little was known about the prevalence and genetic diversity of different G. intestinalis assemblages across the world.In this thesis, molecular characterization of clinical G. intestinalis samples from Eastern Africa and Central America, has been performed, enabling a better understanding of the prevalence of different Giardia genotypes in endemic areas (Papers I and II). A correlation between Giardia colonization and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the human host was established. We found that the currently available genotyping tools provide low resolution when used to characterize assemblage A Giardia. Also, genotyping of assemblage B isolates at these loci is troublesome due to the polymorphic substitutions frequently found in the sequencing chromatograms. This ambiguity was investigated by using micromanipulation to isolate single assemblage B Giardia cells (Paper III). Both cultured trophozoites and cysts from giardiasis patients were analyzed. The data showed that allelic sequence heterozygosity (ASH) does occur at the single cell level, but also that multiple sub-assemblage infections appear to be common in human giardiasis patients.Furthermore, genome-wide sequencing followed by comparative genomics was performed in order to better characterize differences between and within different Giardia assemblages. The genome of a non-human infecting, assemblage E isolate (Paper IV) was sequenced. The genomes of two freshly isolated human infecting assemblage AII isolates were also sequenced (Paper V). Subsequent, comparative analyses were performed and included the genomes of two human infecting isolates, WB (AI) and GS/M (B). Several important differences were found between assemblages A, B and E, but also within assemblage A; including unique gene repertoires for each isolate, observed differences in the variable gene families and an overall difference in ASH between the different isolates. Also, a new multi-locus genotyping (MLG) strategy for genotyping of assemblage A Giardia has been established and evaluated on clinical samples from human giardiasis patients.
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| 10. |
- Gould, Rachelle K., et al.
(författare)
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The forest has a story : cultural ecosystem services in Kona, Hawai'i
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 19:3, s. 55-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding cultural dimensions of human/environment relationships is now widely seen as key to effective management, yet characterizing these dimensions remains a challenge. We report on an approach for considering the nonmaterial values associated with ecosystems, i.e., cultural ecosystem services. We applied the approach in Kona, Hawai'i, using 30 semistructured interviews and 205 in-person surveys, striving to balance pragmatism and depth. We found spirituality, heritage, and identity-related values to be particularly salient, with expression of some of these values varying among respondents by ethnicity and duration of residence in Hawai'i. Although people of various backgrounds reported strong spirituality and heritage-related values, Native Hawaiians rated heritage connections as deeper, and lifetime residents portrayed ecosystem-identity connections as more integral to their wellbeing than did people from other backgrounds. The approach also proved useful in identifying concerns not addressed in survey and interview prompts, including postcolonial issues, access to ecosystems, and relationships between people of different ethnic backgrounds. Although understanding these nonmaterial dimensions of human-ecosystem relationships can be complex, emerging techniques eliciting qualitative and quantitative data provide feasible ways of deepening that understanding.
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