| 1. |
- Björ, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty-year-follow-up of mortality among a cohort of iron-ore miners in Sweden, with specific reference to myocardial infarction mortality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 66:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigates both general mortality and mortality from myocardial infarction among men employed in iron-ore mines in Sweden.Methods: The mortality of employees (surface and underground workers) at the iron-ore mines in Malmberget and Kiruna, Sweden was investigated. The study cohort comprised men who had been employed for at least 1 year between 1923 and 1996. The causes of death were obtained from the national cause of death register from 1952 to 2001. Indirect standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for four main causes. Mortality specifically from myocardial infarction was also analysed.Results: 4504 deaths in the cohort gave an SMR for total mortality of 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.09). Mortality was significantly higher for lung cancer (SMR 1.73, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.97). There was an increased risk of injuries and poisonings (SMR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.46) and respiratory diseases (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28). There were 1477 cases of myocardial infarction, resulting in an SMR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.18). SMR was higher (1.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.50) for men aged ≤60 years than for those >60 years of age (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13).Conclusions: Mortality from myocardial infarction was higher than expected. There was also an increased risk of death from injuries and poisonings, lung cancer and respiratory diseases, as well as higher general mortality. Our findings support the results of previous studies that there is an association between working in the mining industry and adverse health outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Ämnesdidaktisk forskning med relevans för språkdidaktik; teoretiska utgångspunkter, empiriska iakttagelser samt didaktiska konsekvenser : Vad har vi fått veta, hur, varför och hur kan vi använda oss av kunskaperna?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Språk för framtiden. Rapport från ASLA:s höstsymposium, Falun 12-13 november 2010. Language for the Future.. - : Svenska föreningen för tillämpad språkvetenskap. ; , s. 44-60
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ämnesdidaktik är ett centralt kompetensområde för skolors praktiska verksamheter. Studier utförs inom skilda discipliner, men vilken konkret, ny kunskap genereras och hur synliggörs den? I denna studie sammanförs olika teoretiska synsätt och metodologiska ansatser inom ämnesdidaktik och vissa didaktiska aspekter reanalyseras för att tillvarata och konkretisera kunskaper utifrån tre empiriska studier med relevans för språkdidaktik. Vi exemplifierar hur de sammantaget kan ligga till grund för didaktisk verksamhet i allmänhet och språkdidaktik i synnerhet. Studien grundas på en explorativ design. Med en språklig och diskursiv analys jämför vi egenskaper och resultat i avhandlingarna samt analyserar samband och skillnader mellan de skilda sociala praktikerna. Slutsatserna är att språkdidaktik rymmer liknande komplexitet som framskymtar inom allmändidaktik. Följande gemensamma faktorer av avgörande betydelse kan skönjas; multimodalitet, medvetna metodiska val, kognitiva utmaningar, metakognitiv utveckling i interaktionen språk och tanke, motivation och intresse utifrån elevernas verkligheter, individualisering och samspel, funktionalitet och retorisk flexibilitet i språkkunskaper samt vikten av lärares reflekterande färdigheter. Studien a) pekar på möjligheter med ett multi- och transdisciplinärt, forskande förhållningssätt inom ämnesdidaktik, b) bidrar till integrering av forskning och skolpraktik samt c) sätter språkdidaktik i förgrunden i ett pragmatiskt perspektiv samt d) betonar samspelet mellan olika ämnesdidaktiska perspektiv.
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| 3. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Ämnesdidaktisk forskning med relevans för språkdidaktik; teoretiska utgångspunkter, empiriska iakttagelser samt didaktiska konsekvenser. : Vad har vi fått veta, hur, varför och hur kan vi använda oss av kunskaperna?
- 2011
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Ingår i: ASLAs årsbok 2010. - Uppsala : ASLA, Swedish Science Press. ; , s. 44-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ämnesdidaktik är ett centralt kompetensområde för skolors praktiska verksamheter. Studier utförs inom skilda discipliner, men vilken konkret, ny kunskap genereras och hur synliggörs den? I denna studie sammanförs olika teoretiska synsätt och metodologiska ansatser inom ämnesdidaktik och vissa didaktiska aspekter reanalyseras för att tillvarata och konkretisera kunskaper utifrån tre empiriska studier med relevans för språkdidaktik. Vi exemplifierar hur de sammantaget kan ligga till grund för didaktisk verksamhet i allmänhet och språkdidaktik i synnerhet. Studien grundas på en explorativ design. Med en språklig och diskursiv analys jämför vi egenskaper och resultat från tre avhandlingar, samt analyserar samband och skillnader. Slutsatserna är att språkdidaktik rymmer liknande komplexitet som allmändidaktik. Följande gemensamma faktorer av avgörande betydelse kan skönjas; multimodalitet, medvetna metodiska val, kognitiva utmaningar, metakognitiv utveckling i interaktionen språk och tanke, motivation och intresse utifrån elevernas verkligheter, individualisering och samspel, funktionalitet och retorisk flexibilitet i språkkunskaper samt vikten av lärares reflekterande färdigheter. Studien a) pekar på möjligheter med ett multi- och transdisciplinärt, forskande förhållningssätt inom ämnesdidaktik, b) bidrar till integrering av forskning och skolpraktik c) sätter språkdidaktik i förgrunden i ett pragmatiskt perspektiv samt d) betonar samspelet mellan olika ämnesdidaktiska perspektiv.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer and exposure to quartz and diesel exhaust in Swedish iron ore miners with concurrent exposure to radon
- 2010
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 67:8, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Studies of underground miners have documented an increased risk of lung cancer mainly linked to radon exposure but possibly influenced by other concurrent exposures. METHODS: A cohort study was carried out in 8321 iron ore miners with low exposure to radon, employed in 1923-1998 and followed up for lung cancer in 1958-2000. Historical exposures to radon, crystalline silica and diesel exhaust were assessed. Data including exposure to radon, quartz and diesel exhaust from another mine with higher exposure to radon were reanalysed. RESULTS: Miners had increased risk for lung cancer (SIR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.78), based on 112 cases during 227,000 person-years). The increased risk could not be explained by exposure to radon or diesel exhaust but was associated with exposure to crystalline silica: SIR 0.96 (0.53 to 1.62), 1.45 (1.10 to 1.87), 1.99 (1.31 to 2.90) and 1.77 (0.92 to 3.10) in groups with exposure to 0, 0-2, 2-5 and >5 mg years/m3, respectively. Reanalysis of data from the other mine indicated that quartz was a possible confounder in the analysis of relationship between radon and lung cancer. In the highest radon exposed group, the point estimate for the RR decreased from 5.65 to 3.90 when adjusting for concurrent exposure to quartz. CONCLUSIONS: Crystalline silica, a known carcinogen, probably affects lung cancer risk in iron ore miners. The main implication of the results is for interpretation of the dose-response curve for radon and lung cancer in underground iron ore miners. Since exposure to radon and quartz is often correlated, quartz exposure can be an important confounder.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björ, Ove, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between standard methods and structural nested modelling when bias from a healthy worker survivor effect is suspected : an iron-ore mining cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 72:7, s. 536-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Iron-ore miners are exposed to extremely dusty and physically arduous work environments. The demanding activities of mining select healthier workers with longer work histories (ie, the Healthy Worker Survivor Effect (HWSE)), and could have a reversing effect on the exposure-response association. The objective of this study was to evaluate an iron-ore mining cohort to determine whether the effect of respirable dust was confounded by the presence of an HWSE. Methods When an HWSE exists, standard modelling methods, such as Cox regression analysis, produce biased results. We compared results from g-estimation of accelerated failure-time modelling adjusted for HWSE with corresponding unadjusted Cox regression modelling results. Results For all-cause mortality when adjusting for the HWSE, cumulative exposure from respirable dust was associated with a 6% decrease of life expectancy if exposed >= 15 years, compared with never being exposed. Respirable dust continued to be associated with mortality after censoring outcomes known to be associated with dust when adjusting for the HWSE. In contrast, results based on Cox regression analysis did not support that an association was present. Conclusions The adjustment for the HWSE made a difference when estimating the risk of mortality from respirable dust. The results of this study, therefore, support the recommendation that standard methods of analysis should be complemented with structural modelling analysis techniques, such as g-estimation of accelerated failure-time modelling, to adjust for the HWSE.
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| 8. |
- Björ, Ove, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Do physical workload or temperature characteristics in an outdoor workingenvironment explain deviating rates of mortality and incidental cancer? A cohort study based on iron-ore mining.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background A cohort study that examined iron ore mining found negative associations between cumulative working time employed underground and several severe outcomes. In this cohort study, and using the same group of miners, we examined whether heavy physical workload or the temperature characteristics represented by an outdoor working environment could explain these lower rates.Method This study was based on a Swedish iron ore mining cohort consisting of 13000 workers employed between 1923 and 1998. Exposure was defined as cumulative employment time in heavy physical workload or outdoor work. Poisson regression models were used to generate smoothed estimates of standardized morbidity ratios and adjusted rate ratios, both models by cumulative exposure time. SMRs for different cohort subgroups were used to compare the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality to the reference population.Results The adjusted rate ratio between employment classified as outdoor work ≥25 years and short term outdoor work was 1.62 (95% CI 1.07–2.42). The subgroup underground work ≥15 years deviated most in occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality compared with the reference population: SMR (0.70 (95% CI 0.56–0.85)). No elevated rates were associated with cumulative employment time representing heavy physical workloads.Conclusion Employment in temperature shifting outdoor environments was associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality. In contrast, work in tempered underground employment was associated with a protecting effect. Based on selected groups of mortalities, physically heavy workloads did not protect for mortality later in life.
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| 9. |
- Björ, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Is outdoor work associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality? : a cohort study based on iron-ore mining
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A cohort study that examined iron ore mining found negative associations between cumulative working time employed underground and several outcomes, including mortality of cerebrovascular diseases. In this cohort study, and using the same group of miners, we examined whether work in an outdoor environment could explain elevated cerebrovascular disease rates.METHODS: This study was based on a Swedish iron ore mining cohort consisting of 13,000 workers. Poisson regression models were used to generate smoothed estimates of standardized mortality ratios and adjusted rate ratios, both models by cumulative exposure time in outdoor work.RESULTS: The adjusted rate ratio between employment classified as outdoor work ≥25 years and outdoor work 0-4 years was 1.62 (95 % CI 1.07-2.42). The subgroup underground work ≥15 years deviated most in occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality compared with the external reference population: SMR (0.70 (95 % CI 0.56-0.85)).CONCLUSIONS: Employment in outdoor environments was associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality. In contrast, work in tempered underground employment was associated with a protecting effect.
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| 10. |
- Björ, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up study of mortality and the incidence of cancer in a cohort of workers at a primary aluminum smelter in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:6, s. 463-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Previous studies on mortality and the incidence of cancer among workers at primary aluminum smelters have produced conclusive results indicating an elevated risk of bladder cancer. An increased risk of lung cancer has also been reported several times. The objective of this study was to examine mortality and the incidence of cancer at a Swedish aluminum smelter when different neighboring reference populations were used to evaluate any relationships to the length of employment. METHODS: A historical cohort--comprised of 2264 male nonoffice workers employed from 1942 on and tracked up to the year 2000--was examined. With the use of three reference populations for mortality and four for cancer incidence, standardized mortality and incidence ratios were calculated, together with hazard ratios derived from Cox regression models. RESULTS: This study showed an excess risk of mortality due to chronic obstructive lung disease, mental disorders, and diseases of the digestive system among the short-term workers. An elevated risk of cancer was found for the lungs, central nervous system, and esophagus. The highest lung cancer risk was observed for the workers employed for > or = 10 years in the factory when they were compared with the reference group from northern Sweden (standardized incidence ratio 1.99, 95% confidence ratio 1.21-3.07). CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous studies that demonstrated an excess risk of lung cancer, but, in contrast to the results of most studies, cancer of the central nervous system was also elevated. This study did not, however, verify an association between this type of exposure and cancer of the urinary organs.
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