| 1. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985
(författare)
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Body-Centric Projections: Spatial projections relative to the body for map navigation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Technological advancement has led to the steady improvement of brightness and decrease in size of pico projectors. These small devices are available as stand-alone projectors for personal use or are embedded in consumer electronics, ranging from smart phones, smart glasses, to video cameras. Portable projected displays provide opportunities in creating feasible, desirable, and viable wearable devices that present information. The main contribution of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a set of working prototypes that present information in new ways around the human body for the task of map navigation.Based on experiments using these prototypes, we gain insights and present a design space for mobile visual interfaces from a body-centric human-computer interaction perspective.First, we design interfaces for an architectural application involving environment projection and explore reconstruction of physical surfaces in different contexts. Environment-centric projection is employed to create interfaces in which the user is performing tasks inside a limited physical space augmented with information. Second, we explore the placement of information around the human body while cycling and walking for the task of map navigation in an urban environment.We evaluate these body-centric interfaces through field experiments.Findings from our experiments show that, for instance, while cycling road projection is considered safer and easier to use than a mobile phone, a head-up display is considered safer than a projected display on the road.The implications of display placement could inform the design of visual interfaces for bike design, such as bike sharing systems that are already supporting map navigation using tablets mounted under handlebars.Furthermore, projections on the road could replace headlights to make people more aware of moving vehicles, showing drivers' intentions and the subsequent position of vehicles.Then, we propose the concept of a "wearable mid-air display", a device that presents dynamic images floating in mid-air relative to a mobile user.Such devices may enable new input and output modalities compared to current mobile devices, and seamlessly offer information on the go.A functional prototype was developed for the purpose of understanding these modalities in more detail, including suitable applications and device placement.Experiment results investigate the use of a wearable mid-air display for map navigation.
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| 2. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Designing seamless displays for interaction in motion
- 2015
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark, 24-27 August 2015. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450336536 ; , s. 1076-1081
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most mobile interfaces today are designed with a "stop to interact" paradigm, which means that when a user has a device notification, they are expected to stop and attend to a screen in their pocket or on their wrist. An alternative is to design wearable displays to minimize attention required while in motion. We review research on attention and perception theory, recent display technology and applications of interaction in motion. Based on display layout principles and guidelines from literature, we created prototypes and experiments with mobile projected and mid-air displays for the task of map navigation while walking and cycling.
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| 3. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Emergent Interfaces: Constructive Assembly of Identical Units
- 2015
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Ingår i: 33rd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2015; Seoul; South Korea; 18 April 2015 through 23 April 2015. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; 18, s. 451-460
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present five types of constructive assemblies that emerge through a form-finding process resembling growth. The synthetic growth is obtained through the assembly of identical blocks performed by two competing users.Each block type gives rise to different morphologies during each assembly session depending on the user and the environment that is augmented through projection on the synthetic structure and around it. The digitally augmented tangible interface is evaluated by professionals and students in interaction design. We introduce the concept of Emergent Interfaces (EI), which proposes harnessing non-determinism, temporal design, and self-organization.This work could contribute to organic user interfaces and morphogenetic engineering.
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| 4. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Gesture Bike: Examining Projection Surfaces and Turn Signal Systems for Urban Cycling
- 2015
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Ingår i: 10th ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces, ITS 2015; Funchal, Madeira; Portugal; 15 November 2015 through 18 November 2015. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Press. ; , s. 151-159
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactive surfaces could be employed in urban environments to make people more aware of moving vehicles, showing drivers' intention and the subsequent position of vehicles.To explore the usage of projections while cycling, we created a system that displays a map for navigation and signals cyclist intention. The first experiment compared the task of map navigation on a display projected on a road surface in front of the bicycle with a head-up display (HUD) consisting of a projection on a windshield. The HUD system was considered safer and easier to use. In our second experiment, we used projected surfaces to implement concepts inspired by Gibson's perception theory of driving that were combined with detection of conventional cycling gestures to signal and visualize turning intention. The comparison of our system with an off-the-shelf turn signal system showed that gesture input was easier to use. A web-based follow-up study based on the recording of the two signalling systems from the perspective of participants in traffic showed that with the gesture-projector system it was easier to understand and predict the cyclist intention.
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| 5. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction in Motion with Mobile Projectors: Design Considerations
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays, PerDis 2015, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)Saarbrucken, Germany, 10-12 June. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450336086 ; , s. 61-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging research and growing use of mobile projectors reveal a need for better understanding of how to design interaction with such devices.This paper examines key aspects affecting the use of mobile projectors during motion. With the help of two prototypes we explore visibility issues of mobile projectors, in particular how surface colors and geometry affect the visibility of projected information. We then consider the choice of placement of information in the human field of view in the context of peripersonal and extrapersonal spaces. Finally, we raise the issue of body mount location and design implications of long-term use of this type of pervasive display. The paper presents two design explorations using projected displays to address projection on outdoor regular surfaces (snow) and projection on indoor irregular surfaces (indoor and outdoor), in the form of useable prototypes presenting map navigation. Use of the prototypes was explored in various contexts, leading to insights into the limitations and possibilities of such displays. These insights are presented in a set of design considerations intended to inform designers of future mobile projector applications.
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| 6. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Low-cost Experimental Setups for Mid-air 3D Reconstruction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Smart Tools and Apps in computer Graphics. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reconstruction of the physical environment using a depth sensor involves data-intensive computations which are difficult to implement on mobile systems (e.g., tracking and aligning the position of the sensor with the depth maps). In this paper, we present two practical experimental setups for scanning and reconstructing real objects employing low-price, off-the-shelf embedded components and open-source libraries. As a test case, we scan and reconstruct a 23 m high statue using an octocopter without employing external hardware.
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| 7. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Map Navigation Using a Wearable Mid-air Display
- 2015
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2015; Copenhagen, Denmark; 24 August-27 August 2015. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450336529 ; , s. 71-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in display technologies could soon make - wearable mid-air displays -devices that present dynamic images floating in mid-air relative to a mobile user---available.Such devices may enable new input and output modalities compared to current mobile devices, and seamlessly offer information on the go.This paper presents a functional prototype for the purpose of understanding these modalities in more detail, including suitable applications and device placement.We first collected results from an online survey identified map navigation as one of the most desirable applications and suggested placement preferences. Based on these rankings, we built a wearable mid-air display mockup consisting of mobile phone, pico projector, and a holder frame, mountable in two alternative ways: wrist and chest.We then designed an experiment, asking participants to navigate different urban routes using map navigation displayed in mid-air. For map navigation, participants ranked wrist-mount safer than chest-mount. The experiment results validate the use of a wearable mid-air display for map navigation.Based on our online survey and experiment, we offer insights and recommendations for the design of wearable mid-air displays.
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| 8. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985
(författare)
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Motor learning in a mixed reality environment
- 2012
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Ingår i: NordiCHI 2012: Making Sense Through Design - Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Copenhagen;14 through17 October 2012. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450314824 ; , s. 811-812
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional method for acquiring a motor skill is to focus on ones limbs while performing the movement. A theory of motor learning validated during the last ten years is contradicting the traditional method. The new theory states that it is more beneficial to focus on external markers outside the human body and predicts acquiring the motor skill better and faster. Using a mixed reality environment, we tested if the new motor learning approach is also valid using a virtual trainer and virtual markers.
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| 9. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Flashlight: Map Navigation Using a Bike-mounted Projector
- 2014
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Ingår i: 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2014; Toronto, ON; Canada; 26 April 2014 through 1 May 2014. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450324731 ; , s. 3627-3630
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While mobile phones affect our behavior and tend to separate us from our physical environment, our environment could instead become a responsive part of the information domain. For navigation using a map while cycling in an urban environment, we studied two alternative solutions: smartphone display and projection on the road. This paper firstly demonstrates by proof-of-concept a GPS-based map navigation using a bike-mounted projector. Secondly, it implements a prototype using both a projector and a smartphone mounted on a bike, comparing them for use in a navigation system for nighttime cycling. Thirdly, it examines how visuo-spatial factors influence navigation. Our findings will be useful for designing navigation systems for bikes and even for cars, helping cyclists and drivers be more attentive to their environment while navigating, providing useful information while moving.
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| 10. |
- Dancu, Alexandru, 1985
(författare)
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The Ultimate Display
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1965 Ivan E. Sutherland envisioned the Ultimate Display, a room in which a computer can directly control the existence of matter.This type of display would merge the digital and the physical world, dramatically changing how people interact with computers.This thesis explores flat displays, deformable displays, flexible materials, static, and mobile projection displays in dynamic environments. %Dynamic environments are inherent to human behavior, but pose big problems to Human-Computer Interaction since computing devices rely on many assumptions of the interaction.Two aspects of the dynamic environment are considered. One is mobile human nature -- a person moving through or inside an environment. The other is the change or movement of the environment itself.The initial study consisted of a mixed reality application, based on recent motor learning research. It tested if a performer's attentional focus on markers external to the body improves the accuracy and duration of acquiring a motor skill, as compared with the performer focusing on their own body accompanied by verbal instructions. This experiment showed the need for displays that resemble physical reality. Deformable displays and Organic User Interfaces (OUIs) leverage shape, material, and the inherent properties of matter in order to create natural, intuitive forms of interaction. We suggested designing OUIs employing depth sensors as 3D input, deformable displays as 3D output, and identifying attributes that couple matter to human perception and motor skills. Flexible materials were explored by developing a soft gripper able to hold everyday objects of various shapes and sizes. It did not use complex hardware or control algorithms, but rather combined sheets of flexible plastic materials and a single servo motor.The gripper showed how a simple design with a minimal control mechanism can solve a complex problem in a dynamic environment.It serves as an example application for merging the digital and the physical through flexible materials, embodied computation, and actuation.The next two experiments merge digital information with the physical dynamic environment by using mobile and static projectors.The mobile projector experiment consisted of GPS navigation using a bike-mounted projector, displaying a map on the pavement in front of the bike. We found out that if compared with a bike-mounted smartphone, the mobile projector yields a lower cognitive load for the map navigation task. A dynamic space emerges from the navigation task requirements, and the projected display becomes a part of the physical environment. In the final experiment, a person interacts with a changing, growing environment, on which digital information is projected from above using a static projector. The interactive space consists of cardboard building blocks, the arrangement of which are limited by the area of projection. The user adds cardboard blocks to the cluster based upon feedback projected from above.Concepts from artificial intelligence and architecture were applied for understanding the interaction between the environment, the user, the morphology, and the material of the physical building system.
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