| 1. |
- Darmadi, Iwan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Bulk-Processed Pd Nanocube-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites as Plasmonic Plastics for Hydrogen Sensing
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Nano Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0970. ; 3:8, s. 8438-8445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors are predicted to play a key role in safety systems of the emerging hydrogen economy. Pd nanoparticles are the active material of choice for sensor prototype development due to their ability to form a hydride at ambient conditions, which creates the optical contrast. Here, we introduce plasmonic hydrogen sensors made from a thermoplastic nanocomposite material, that is, a bulk material that can be molded with standard plastic processing techniques, such as extrusion and three-dimensional (3D) printing, while at the same time being functionalized at the nanoscale. Specifically, our plasmonic plastic is composed of hydrogensensitive and plasmonically active Pd nanocubes mixed with a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix, and we optimize it by characterization from the atomic to the macroscopic level. We demonstrate meltprocessed deactivation-resistant plasmonic hydrogen sensors, which retain full functionality even after SO weeks. From a wider perspective, we advertise plasmonic plastic nanocomposite materials for application in a multitude of active plasmonic technologies since they provide efficient scalable processing and almost endless functional material design opportunities via tailored polymer- colloidal nanocrystal combinations.
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| 2. |
- Darmadi, Iwan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Bulk-Processed Plasmonic Plastic Nanocomposite Materials for Optical Hydrogen Detection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Accounts of Chemical Research. - 0001-4842 .- 1520-4898. ; 56:13, s. 1850-1861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conspectus Sensors are ubiquitous, andtheir importanceis only going to increaseacross many areas of modern technology. In this respect, hydrogengas (H-2) sensors are no exception since they allow mitigationof the inherent safety risks associated with mixtures of H-2 and air. The deployment of H-2 technologies is rapidlyaccelerating in emerging energy, transport, and green steel-makingsectors, where not only safety but also process monitoring sensorsare in high demand. To meet this demand, cost-effective and scalableroutes for mass production of sensing materials are required. Here,the state-of-the-art often resorts to processes derived from the microelectronicsindustry where surface-based micro- and nanofabrication are the methodsof choice and where (H-2) sensor manufacturing is no exception. In this Account, we discuss how our recent efforts to develop sensorsbased on plasmonic plastics may complement the current state-of-the-art.We explore a new H-2 sensor paradigm, established througha series of recent publications, that combines (i) the plasmonic opticalH(2) detection principle and (ii) bulk-processed nanocompositematerials. In particular, plasmonic plastic nanocomposite sensingmaterials are described that comprise plasmonic H-2-sensitivecolloidally synthesized nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrixand enable the additive manufacturing of H-2 sensors ina cost-effective and scalable way. We first discuss the concept ofplasmonic plastic nanocomposite materials for the additive manufacturingof an active plasmonic sensing material on the basis of the threekey components that require individual and concerted optimization:(i) the plasmonic sensing metal nanoparticles, (ii) the surfactant/stabilizermolecules on the nanoparticle surface from colloidal synthesis, and(iii) the polymer matrix. We then introduce the working principleof plasmonic H-2 detection, which relies on the selectiveabsorption of H species into hydride-forming metal nanoparticles that,in turn, induces distinct changes in their optical plasmonic signaturein proportion to the H-2 concentration in the local atmosphere.Subsequently, we assess the roles of the key components of a plasmonicplastic for H-2 sensing, where we have established that(i) alloying Pd with Au and Cu eliminates hysteresis and introducesintrinsic deactivation resistance at ambient conditions, (ii) surfactant/stabilizermolecules can significantly accelerate and decelerate H-2 sorption and thus sensor response, and (iii) polymer coatings acceleratesensor response, reduce the limit of detection (LoD), and enable molecularfiltering for sensor operation in chemically challenging environments.Based on these insights, we discuss the rational development and detailedcharacterization of bulk-processed plasmonic plastics based on glassyand fluorinated matrix polymers and on tailored flow-chemistry-basedsynthesis of Pd and PdAu alloy colloidal nanoparticles with optimizedstabilizer molecules. In their champion implementation, they enablehighly stable H-2 sensors with response times in the 2 srange and an LoD of few 10 ppm of H-2. To put plasmonicplastics in a wider perspective, we also report their implementationusing different polymer matrix materials that can be used for 3D printingand (an)isotropic Au nanoparticles that enable the manufacturing ofmacroscopic plasmonic objects with, if required, dichroic opticalproperties and in amounts that can be readily upscaled. We advertisethat melt processing of plasmonic plastic nanocomposites is a viableroute toward the realization of plasmonic objects and sensors, producedby scalable colloidal synthesis and additive manufacturing techniques.
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| 3. |
- Lerch, Sarah, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Robust Colloidal Synthesis of Palladium-Gold Alloy Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8252 .- 1944-8244. ; 13:38, s. 45758-45767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal nanoparticles are currently used in a variety of applications, ranging from life sciences to nanoelectronic devices to gas sensors. In particular, the use of palladium nanoparticles is gaining increasing attention due to their ability to catalyze the rapid dissociation of hydrogen, which leads to an excellent response in hydrogen-sensing applications. However, current palladium-nanoparticle-based sensors are hindered by the presence of hysteresis upon hydride formation and decomposition, as this hysteresis limits sensor accuracy. Here, we present a robust colloidal synthesis for palladium-gold alloy nanoparticles and demonstrate their hysteresis-free response when used for hydrogen detection. The obtained colloidal particles, synthesized in an aqueous, room-temperature environment, can be tailored to a variety of applications through changing the size, ratio of metals, and surface stabilization. In particular, the variation of the viscosity of the mixture during synthesis resulted in a highly tunable size distribution and contributed to a significant improvement in size dispersity compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
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| 4. |
- Nugroho, Ferry, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Time-Resolved Thickness and Shape-Change Quantification using a Dual-Band Nanoplasmonic Ruler with Sub-Nanometer Resolution
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 16:10, s. 15814-15826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved measurements of changes in the size and shape of nanobiological objects and layers are crucial to understand their properties and optimize their performance. Optical sensing is particularly attractive with high throughput and sensitivity, and label-free operation. However, most state-of-the-art solutions require intricate modeling or multiparameter measurements to disentangle conformational or thickness changes of biomolecular layers from complex interfacial refractive index variations. Here, we present a dual-band nanoplasmonic ruler comprising mixed arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles with spectrally separated resonance peaks. As electrodynamic simulations and model experiments show, the ruler enables real-time simultaneous measurements of thickness and refractive index variations in uniform and heterogeneous layers with sub-nanometer resolution. Additionally, nanostructure shape changes can be tracked, as demonstrated by quantifying the degree of lipid vesicle deformation at the critical coverage prior to rupture and supported lipid bilayer formation. In a broader context, the presented nanofabrication approach constitutes a generic route for multimodal nanoplasmonic optical sensing.
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| 5. |
- Susarrey- Arce, Arturo, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A nanofabricated plasmonic core-shell-nanoparticle library
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 11:44, s. 21207-21217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-layer core-shell-nanoparticle nanoarchitectures exhibit properties not achievable by single-element nanostructures alone and have great potential to enable rationally designed functionality. However, nanofabrication strategies for crafting core-shell-nanoparticle structure arrays on surfaces are widely lacking, despite the potential of basically unlimited material combinations. Here we present a nanofabrication approach that overcomes this limitation. Using it, we produce a library of nanoarchitectures composed of a metal core and an oxide/nitride shell that is decorated with few-nanometer-sized particles with widely different material combinations. This is enabled by resolving a long-standing challenge in this field, namely the ability to grow a shell layer around a nanofabricated core without prior removal of the lithographically patterned mask, and the possibility to subsequently grow smaller metal nanoparticles locally on the shell only in close proximity of the core. Focusing on the application of such nanoarchitectures in plasmonics, we show experimentally and by Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations that these structures exhibit significant optical absorption enhancement in small metal nanoparticles grown on the few nanometer thin dielectric shell layer around a plasmonic core, and derive design rules to maximize the effect by the tailored combination of the core and shell materials. We predict that these structures will find application in plasmon-mediated catalysis and nanoplasmonic sensing and spectroscopy.
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| 6. |
- Tomecek, David, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Neural network enabled nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors with 100 ppm limit of detection in humid air
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental humidity variations are ubiquitous and high humidity characterizes fuel cell and electrolyzer operation conditions. Since hydrogen-air mixtures are highly flammable, humidity tolerant H2 sensors are important from safety and process monitoring perspectives. Here, we report an optical nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor operated at elevated temperature that combined with Deep Dense Neural Network or Transformer data treatment involving the entire spectral response of the sensor enables a 100 ppm H2 limit of detection in synthetic air at 80% relative humidity. This significantly exceeds the <1000 ppm US Department of Energy performance target. Furthermore, the sensors pass the ISO 26142:2010 stability requirement in 80% relative humidity in air down to 0.06% H2 and show no signs of performance loss after 140 h continuous operation. Our results thus demonstrate the potential of plasmonic hydrogen sensors for use in high humidity and how neural-network-based data treatment can significantly boost their performance.
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| 7. |
- Östergren, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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A surface passivated fluorinated polymer nanocomposite for carbon monoxide resistant plasmonic hydrogen sensing
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasmonic hydrogen sensors are promising safety monitoring devices for the emerging hydrogen economy provided a fast response time and poisoning resistance can be achieved. Nanocomposites composed of palladium nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix facilitate rapid hydrogen diffusion if a fluorinated polymer is used, while a denser polymer such as atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) facilitates a high degree of gas selectivity. However, nanocomposites that combine a fast response with poisoning resistance have not yet been realized. Here, these two properties are achieved simultaneously by modifying the surface of a fluorinated polymer nanocomposite with a thin PMMA coating, which functions as a molecular sieve that effectively blocks carbon monoxide. The resulting surface passivated nanocomposite shows a high degree of poisoning resistance without compromising a fast sensing response of 2-3 seconds upon exposure to 100 mbar of hydrogen. The sensor signal and response are preserved over 55 cycles of synthetic air containing 5% hydrogen and 500 ppm of carbon monoxide, indicating that nanocomposites are a viable approach for the realization of robust hydrogen sensors.
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| 8. |
- Östergren, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Permeable Fluorinated Polymer Nanocomposites for Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8252 .- 1944-8244. ; 13:18, s. 21724-21732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen (H2) sensors that can be produced en masse with cost-effective manufacturing tools are critical for enabling safety in the emerging hydrogen economy. The use of melt-processed nanocomposites in this context would allow the combination of the advantages of plasmonic hydrogen detection with polymer technology; an approach which is held back by the slow diffusion of H2 through the polymer matrix. Here, we show that the use of an amorphous fluorinated polymer, compounded with colloidal Pd nanoparticles prepared by highly scalable continuous flow synthesis, results in nanocomposites that display a high H2 diffusion coefficient in the order of 10-5 cm2 s-1. As a result, plasmonic optical hydrogen detection with melt-pressed fluorinated polymer nanocomposites is no longer limited by the diffusion of the H2 analyte to the Pd nanoparticle transducer elements, despite a thickness of up to 100 μm, thereby enabling response times as short as 2.5 s at 100 mbar (10 vol. %) H2. Evidently, plasmonic sensors with a fast response time can be fabricated with thick, melt-processed nanocomposites, which paves the way for a new generation of robust H2 sensors.
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| 9. |
- Darmadi, Iwan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors - Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 5:11, s. 3306-3327
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen gas is rapidly approaching a global breakthrough as a carbon-free energy vector. In such a hydrogen economy, safety sensors for hydrogen leak detection will be an indispensable element along the entire value chain, from the site of hydrogen production to the point of consumption, due to the high flammability of hydrogen-air mixtures. To stimulate and guide the development of such sensors, industrial and governmental stakeholders have defined sets of strict performance targets, which are yet to be entirely fulfilled. In this Perspective, we summarize recent efforts and discuss research strategies for the development of hydrogen sensors that aim at meeting the set performance goals. In the first part, we describe the state-of-the-art for fast and selective hydrogen sensors at the research level, and we identify nanostructured Pd transducer materials as the common denominator in the best performing solutions. As a consequence, in the second part, we introduce the fundamentals of the Pd-hydrogen interaction to lay the foundation for a detailed discussion of key strategies and Pd-based material design rules necessary for the development of next generation high-performance nanostructured Pd-based hydrogen sensors that are on par with even the most stringent and challenging performance targets.
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| 10. |
- Darmadi, Iwan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of the Composition of PdAuCu Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Nano Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0970. ; 4:9, s. 8716-8722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alloying is a long-standing central strategy in materials science for the tailoring and optimization of bulk material properties, which more recently has started to find application also in engineered nanomaterials and nanostructures used in, among other, nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors. Specifically, alloying Pd nanoparticles to form binaries and ternaries with the coinage metals Au and Cu has proven efficient to mitigate hysteresis in the sensor response, improve response and recovery times, boost sensitivity in the low hydrogen concentration sensing range, and reduce the detrimental impact of carbon monoxide poisoning. However, when surveying the corresponding studies, it is clear that there is a trade-off between the sensitivity enhancement and the CO-poisoning resistance effects provided by Au and Cu alloyants, respectively. Therefore, in this work, we systematically screen the impact of the Au and Cu concentration in PdAuCu ternary alloy nanoparticles used for plasmonic hydrogen sensing, to obtain a champion system with maximized sensitivity and CO-poisoning resistance based on an evaluation using the stringent ISO 26142 test protocol. As the main results, we find that the best hysteresis-free and sensitive response combined with deactivation resistance to 500 ppm CO in synthetic air is obtained for the Pd65Au25Cu10 ternary alloy system, which also exhibits good long-term stability during operation under severe CO poisoning conditions.
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