| 1. |
- Dawidson, Irena
(författare)
-
Studies on the influence of sensory stimulation (acupuncture) on neuropeptide release in the saliva
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the mechanisms behind the effect of sensory stimulation (acupuncture) on the salivary flow rates of xerostomic patients. We hypothesised that the sensory stimulation activates the sensory and autonomic nervous systems, leading to an increased release of neuropeptides that influence salivary secretion in co-operation with or/and beside the classical neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides also affect blood flow through dilatation of the capillary blood vessels, and in addition have atrophic influence on the salivary gland tissues. In the first study we investigated the influence of different modes of acupuncture stimulation on the blood flux in the skin overlaying the parotid gland of 21 patients suffering from Sjögren's syndrome. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the blood flux following manual and low frequency electro-acupuncture, which might contribute to the relief of xerostomia. In the second study the presence of five neuropeptides, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), in the saliva of healthy subjects was investigated using competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that the concentration of the investigated neuropeptides in whole saliva decreased two- to four-fold (up to 16-fold for CGRP) when the volume of saliva increased 6 to 8 times due to stimulation. The released amounts of all the investigated neuropeptides increased over time in the whole saliva two- to five-fold (up to 10-fold for CGRP) in the chewing-stimulated salivary flow as compared to the resting salivary flow or to the citric acid-stimulated flow. The influence of acupuncture stimulation on the salivary flow rates of eight healthy subjects was investigated in the third study. The results showed that there was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in unstimulated salivary flow both during and after manual acupuncture stimulation as compared to base line levels. In the fourth study we investigated the influence of different modes of acupuncture stimulation on the release of the neuropeptides: SP, NKA, CGRP, NPY and VIP in the saliva of healthy subjects. The results of our study showed that acupuncture stimulation caused an increase of the concentrations and amounts of VIP-LI, NPY-LI, SP-LI and CGRP-LI released in the saliva. The concentrations and the amounts of these neuropeptides were also increased during the 20-minute-period following the end of the stimulation. The influence of acupuncture treatment on the release of VIP and CGRP in the saliva of 17 xerostomic patients was investigated in studies V and VI. The concentrations of VIP and CGRP in the saliva were significantly higher (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) after the end of acupuncture treatment as compared to the pre-treatment concentrations. We concluded that one of the mechanisms through which the acupuncture stimulation can lead to an increase in the salivary flow rates in xerostomic patients might be the release of VIP and CGRP. The mechanisms behind the effect of sensory stimulation (acupuncture) might be the activation of sensory afferents as well as parasympathetic efferent neurons leading to an increased release of the neuropeptides VIP and CGRP, which could have dual effect. A direct influence on the salivary flow rates, as well as a long-term effect on the condition of the gland tissues through their trophic influence on the gland- and endothelial-cells, resulting in improvement of glandular function and blood supply of the salivary glands. Final conclusions: sensory stimulation increases the release of neuropeptides in the saliva leading to an improvement of salivary secretion rates and increased blood flow.
|
|
| 2. |
- Liebe-Harkort, Carola, et al.
(författare)
-
The Occurrence and Appearance of Periapical lesions in an Early Iron Age Population from Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Periapical lesions were recorded by both visual and radiographic examination in an Early Iron Age population from Alvastra, Östergötland, Sweden. Only those individuals with discernible bone destruction were included in the study. The study comprised 37 adult individuals from both sexes of a total of 90 adult individuals among the population, thus the prevalence of visual periapical lesions in the population was 41.1%. Out of 819 tooth sockets, 83 (10.1%) showed signs of periapical lesions, mainly caused by chronic inflammations. Cyst-like lesions were recorded in five cases of which four were in a possible acute phase. Around thirty-two percent of the periapical lesions were associated with severe carious. The corresponding rate for severe attrition was 14.4%. No significant difference in frequency of lesions was observed between sexes and age groups. The most affected tooth was the first maxillary molar followed by the first molar in the mandible. Radiographic examination proved useful in detecting additional pathological processes, other than those observed by visual examination.
|
|
| 3. |
- Liebe-Harkort, Carola, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Occurrence and Appearance of Periapical lesions in an Early Iron Age Population from Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Periapical lesions were recorded by both visual and radiographic examination in an Early Iron Age population from Alvastra, Östergötland, Sweden. Only those individuals with discernible bone destruction were included in the study. The study comprised 37 adult individuals from both sexes of a total of 90 adult individuals among the population, thus the prevalence of visual periapical lesions in the population was 41.1%. Out of 819 tooth sockets, 83 (10.1%) showed signs of periapical lesions, mainly caused by chronic inflammations. Cyst-like lesions were recorded in five cases of which four were in a possible acute phase. Around thirty-two percent of the periapical lesions were associated with severe carious. The corresponding rate for severe attrition was 14.4%. No significant difference in frequency of lesions was observed between sexes and age groups. The most affected tooth was the first maxillary molar followed by the first molar in the mandible. Radiographic examination proved useful in detecting additional pathological processes, other than those observed by visual examination.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liebe-Harkort, Carola, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Occurrence and Appearance of Periapical lesions in an Early Iron Age Population from Sweden
- 2010
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Periapical lesions were recorded by both visual and radiographic examination in an Early Iron Age population from Alvastra, Östergötland, Sweden. Only those individuals with discernible bone destruction were included in the study. The study comprised 37 adult individuals from both sexes of a total of 90 adult individuals among the population, thus the prevalence of visual periapical lesions in the population was 41.1%. Out of 819 tooth sockets, 83 (10.1%) showed signs of periapical lesions, mainly caused by chronic inflammations. Cyst-like lesions were recorded in five cases of which four were in a possible acute phase. Around thirty-two percent of the periapical lesions were associated with severe carious. The corresponding rate for severe attrition was 14.4%. No significant difference in frequency of lesions was observed between sexes and age groups. The most affected tooth was the first maxillary molar followed by the first molar in the mandible. Radiographic examination proved useful in detecting additional pathological processes, other than those observed by visual examination.
|
|
| 5. |
- Teglind, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of C-14, C-13 and Aspartic Acid Racemization in Teeth and Bones to Facilitate Identification of Unknown Human Remains : Outcomes of Practical Casework
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of unknown human remains represents an important task in forensic casework. If there are no clues as to the identity of the remains, then the age, sex, and origin are the most important factors to limit the search for a matching person. Here, we present the outcome of application of so-called bomb pulse radiocarbon (C-14 derived from above-ground nuclear bomb tests during 1955-1963) analysis to birthdate human remains. In nine identified cases, C-14 analysis of tooth crowns provided an estimate of the true date of birth with an average absolute error of 1.2 & PLUSMN; 0.8 years. Analysis of C-14 in tooth roots also showed a good precision with an average absolute error of 2.3 & PLUSMN; 2.5 years. Levels of C-14 in bones can determine whether a subject has lived after 1955 or not, but more precise carbon turnover data for bones would be needed to calculate date of birth and date of death. Aspartic acid racemization analysis was performed on samples from four cases; in one of these, the year of birth could be predicted with good precision, whereas the other three cases are still unidentified. The stable isotope C-13 was analyzed in tooth crowns to estimate provenance. Levels of C-13 indicative of Scandinavian provenance were found in known Scandinavian subjects. Teeth from four Polish subjects all showed higher C-13 levels than the average for Scandinavian subjects.
|
|
