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| 2. |
- Botteldooren, D, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of noise annoyance caused by high-speed trains.
- 2005
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Ingår i: ICSV 2005–Twelfth International Congress on Sound and Vibration. - : IIAV/CAPS-IST, Lissabon.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difference in perceived noise annoyance caused by train and highway noise at the same averaged noise level, has led to the introduction of the ’railway bonus’. This bonus has found its way to the noise legislation in many countries, leading to more relaxed restrictions on time averaged noise levels, LAeq. With the introduction of high-speed trains and train-like transportation systems based on magnetic levitation, the question has risen whether the railway bonus can still be applied. The paper reports on an experiment that was conducted to answer this question. The experiment that was performed was different from previous efforts in many ways. Most importantly, the experiment was conducted in a realistic setting, a holiday cottage, and participants were asked to engage in light daily activities such as reading a magazine during the tests. Traffic noise was reproduced in an ecologically valid way, using outdoor loudspeakers. Every ten minutes the participants were asked to judge noise annoyance. At the beginning of the experiment and after about 1.5 hours the participants were also asked to rate a set of 7 master scaling sounds. After this experiment, a more conventional listening test was conducted using 45-s excerpts. The experiment was also unique in the way that 100 participants were selected to be representative for the Dutch population. The selection procedure involved careful screening based on a survey that was administered at the doorstep of 1500 persons’ homes.
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| 3. |
- Botteldooren, D, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Noise Annoyance Caused by Maglev Trains. Management Summary.
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The annoyance impact in realistic settings of traffic noise was assessed for one, two or four train passages, primarily high-speed trains, or continuous road traffic noise. An innovative system for selecting representative participants from the Dutch population was implemented, as regards a number of critical variables (age, gender, level of education, noise sensitivity, reported anxiety, home exposure to train and road traffic noise, general quality of living environment, and general health). In total, 1500 candidate participants responded to the specifically constructed questionnaire with items from a nation-wide Dutch survey and the Eurobarometer. Participants with typical Dutch response profile were recruited on a first come, first serve basis (in total 80 plus 21 extra persons. In the experiment, 5-7 participants were seated to be relaxed and to be reading a magazine or newspaper. The were served refreshments. Traffic noise was reproduced in outdoor loudspeakers in an ecologically valid way. Every 10 min, participants were asked to assess noise annoyance. At the beginning and at brief intervals during the experiment, participants assessed the annoyance of a set of 7 reference sounds utilized for master scaling. At the same average façade exposure, no significant annoyance difference was neither found for Maglev and TGV, nor for conventional trains and the high-speed trains (only tested up to 65 dBA). The latter result contradicts Vos et al.’s earlier findings. Neugebauer at al.’s results fall within the spread in annoyance values due to distance to the track and vehicle speed that we observed. Field surveys have shown that for the same average sound level, railway noise evokes less annoyance than dense road traffic noise, at least for a certain interval of levels. Although our experiment included several of the factors that may contribute to this effect, we were unable to observe this kind of effect, except for the case when the sounds were recorded at a distance of more than 100 m.
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| 4. |
- Botteldooren, D., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the role of attention in the assessment of environmental noise annoyance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN), Foxwoods, CT, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community noise effects in general and noise annoyance in particular are mostly studied by relating them to exposure through blind statistical analyses of large datasets. This paper reports on a specific part of a quite different approach. using mathematical simulation of basic perception and psychophysical mechanisms for a large synthetic population. Insight is sought into the mechanisms underlying the emergence of noise effects. This is achieved by comparing–in a phenomenological way–the statistics of the data gathered from the simulated synthetic population in that of the real population. This paper focuses on modeling the role of attention. Attention could play a role in two distinct aspects of the process: firstly, attention can be drawn away from other tasks by the environmental sound or tasks requiring sustained attention can suppress the noticing of the environmental sound; secondly, attention can jump between sounds in multisource sonic environments. In modeling this dual role of attention, care must be taken to simplify existing knowledge on theses aspects of perception in such a way that the model can be used to study long exposure times and large populations. Such modeling may support the assessment of real life situation where multiple environmental sounds interfere and cause noise annoyance. Example simulations involving exposure to railway noise, road traffic noise, and natural sound produced by the individual's own activity show the influence of attention on the model outcome.
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| 5. |
- De Coensel, B., et al.
(författare)
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A computational model for auditory saliency of environmental sound
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 125:4 (part2), s. 2528-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because the information flow received by the human auditory system exceeds the processing capacity of the brain, neural mechanisms engage and guide attention toward prominent parts of the auditory scene. Several computational models for auditory saliency have been proposed recently. Most of these are concerned with speech recognition, and therefore apply high temporal and spectral precision to relatively short sound fragments. Here, a simplified model is described that specifically targets the long exposure times usually considered in soundscape research. The model trades temporal and spectra accuracy for computational speed, but nevertheless implements the key elements that are present in the calculation of complex auditory saliency maps. A simplified “cochleagram” is calculated from the 1/3-octave band spectrogram using the Zwicker model for specific loudness. Saliency is determined based on spectro-temporal irregularities, extracted in parallel at different feature scales, using a center-surround mechanism. Finally, conspicuous peaks are selected using within-feature and between-feature competitions. The model is shown to behave as expected for a number of typical sounds. As an illustration, saliency calculation results for a set of recordings in urban parks are compared with other acoustical descriptors and with perceptual attribute scales from questionnaire studies.
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| 6. |
- De Coensel, B., et al.
(författare)
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Clustering outdoor soundscapes using fuzzy ants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. - 9781424418237 ; , s. 1556-1562
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A classification algorithm for environmental sound recordings or “soundscapes” is outlined. An ant clustering approach is proposed, in which the behavior of the ants is governed by fuzzy rules. These rules are optimized by a genetic algorithm specially designed in order to achieve the optimal set of homogeneous clusters. Soundscape similarity is expressed as fuzzy resemblance of the shape of the sound pressure level histogram, the frequency spectrum and the spectrum of temporal fluctuations. These represent the loudness, the spectral and the temporal content of the soundscapes. Compared to traditional clustering methods, the advantages of this approach are that no a priori information is needed, such as the desired number of clusters, and that a flexible set of soundscape measures can be used. The clustering algorithm was applied to a set of 1116 acoustic measurements in 16 urban parks of Stockholm. The resulting clusters were validated against visitor’s perceptual measurements of soundscape quality.
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