| 1. |
- de Jong, Yde, et al.
(författare)
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PESI - a taxonomic backbone for Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biodiversity Data Journal. - 1314-2836 .- 1314-2828. ; 3, s. 1-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable taxonomy underpins communication in all of biology, not least nature conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem resources. The flexibility of taxonomic interpretations, however, presents a serious challenge for end-users of taxonomic concepts. Users need standardised and continuously harmonised taxonomic reference systems, as well as high-quality and complete taxonomic data sets, but these are generally lacking for non-specialists. The solution is in dynamic, expertly curated web-based taxonomic tools.The Pan-European Species-directories Infrastructure (PESI) worked to solve this key issue by providing a taxonomic e-infrastructure for Europe. It strengthened the relevant social (expertise) and information (standards, data and technical) capacities of five major community networks on taxonomic indexing in Europe, which is essential for proper biodiversity assessment and monitoring activities. The key objectives of PESI were: 1) standardisation in taxonomic reference systems, 2) enhancement of the quality and completeness of taxonomic data sets and 3) creation of integrated access to taxonomic information.This paper describes the results of PESI and its future prospects, including the involvement in major European biodiversity informatics initiatives and programs.
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| 2. |
- Broeder, Daan, et al.
(författare)
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A large metadata domain of Language Resources
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of LREC 2004.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The INTERA and ECHO projects were partly intended to create a critical mass of open and linked metadata descriptions of language resources, helping researchers to understand the benefits of an increased visibility of language resources in the Internet and motivating them to participate. The work was based on the new IMDI version 3.0.3 which is a result of experiences with the earlier versions and new requirements coming from the involved partners. While in INTERA major data centers in Europe are participating, the ECHO project focuses on resources that can be seen as part of cultural heritage. Currently, 27 institutions and projects are active with the goal of having a large browsable and searchable domain by the summer of 2004. Experience shows that the creation of high quality metadata is not trivial and asks for a considerable amount of effort and skills, since manual work alone is too time consumin
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| 3. |
- Declerck, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
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Multilingual and Semantic Extension of Folk Tale Catalogues
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the multilingual and semantic upgrades of two digital catalogues of motifs and types in folk-literature: the Thompson’s Motif-Index of Folk-Literature (TMI) and the Aarne-Thompson-Uther classification system (ATU). The methods convert, translate, and represent their digitized content in terms of various (so far often implicit) structural and linguistic components. The results will enable (i) utilizing these resources for semi-automatic analysis and indexing of texts of relevant genres, in a multilingual setting, and (ii) pre-processing the data, for analysing motif sequences in folktale plots. We plan to publish the resulting data, which can be made available in the Linked Open Data (LOD) framework.
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| 4. |
- Henrichsen, Peter Juel, et al.
(författare)
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SMALLWorlds: Multilingual Content-Controlled Monologues
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12). - 9782951740877 ; , s. 3362-3368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Klang, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Hedwig : A named entity linker
- 2020
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Ingår i: LREC 2020 - 12th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Conference Proceedings. - 9791095546344 ; , s. 4501-4508
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Named entity linking is the task of identifying mentions of named things in text, such as “Barack Obama” or “New York”, and linking these mentions to unique identifiers. In this paper, we describe Hedwig, an end-to-end named entity linker, which uses a combination of word and character BILSTM models for mention detection, a Wikidata and Wikipedia-derived knowledge base with global information aggregated over nine language editions, and a PageRank algorithm for entity linking. We evaluated Hedwig on the TAC2017 dataset, consisting of news texts and discussion forums, and we obtained a final score of 59.9% on CEAFmC+, an improvement over our previous generation linker Ugglan, and a trilingual entity link score of 71.9%.
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| 6. |
- Lendvai, Piroska, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Linguistic Markup into Semantic Models of Folk Narratives : The Fairy Tale Use Case. In: Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propp’s influential structural analysis of fairy tales created a powerful schema for representing storylines in terms of character functions, which is directly exploitable for computational semantic analysis, and procedural generation of stories of this genre. We tackle two resources that draw on the Proppian model –, one formalizes it as a semantic markup scheme and the other as an ontology – both lacking linguistic phenomena explicitly represented in them. The need for integrating linguistic information into structured semantic resources is motivated by the emergence of suitable standards that facilitate this, and the benefits such joint representation would create for transdisciplinary research across Digital Humanities, Computational Linguistics, and Artificial Intelligence.
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| 7. |
- Lendvai, Piroska, et al.
(författare)
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Propp Revisited : Integration of Linguistic Markup into Structured Content Descriptors of Tales
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference for Digital Humanities 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metadata that serve as semantic markup, such as conceptual categories that describe the macrostructure of a plot in terms of actors and their mutual relationships, actions, and their ingredients annotated in folk narratives, are important additional resources of digital humanities research. Traditionally originating in structural analysis, in fairy tales they are called functions (Propp, 1968), whereas in myths – mythemes (Lévi-Strauss, 1955); a related, overarching type of content metadata is a folklore motif (Uther, 2004; Jason, 2000).In his influential study, Propp treated a corpus of tales in Afanas'ev's collection (Afanas'ev, 1945), establishing basic recurrent units of the plot ('functions'), such as Villainy, Liquidation of misfortune, Reward, or Test of Hero, and the combinations and sequences of elements employed to arrange them into moves.1 His aim was to describe the DNAlike structure of the magic tale sub-genre as a novel way to provide comparisons. As a start along the way to developing a story grammar, the Proppian model is relatively straightforward to formalize for computational semantic annotation, analysis, and generation of fairy tales. Our study describes an effort towards creating a comprehensive XML markup of fairy tales following Propp's functions, by an approach that integrates functional text annotation with grammatical markup in order to be used across text types, genres and languages. The Proppian fairy tale Markup Language (PftML) (Malec, 2001) is an annotation scheme that enables narrative function segmentation, based on hierarchically ordered textual content objects. We propose to extend PftML so that the scheme would additionally rely on linguistic information for the segmentation of texts into Proppian functions. Textual variation is an important phenomenon in folklore, it is thus beneficial to explicitly represent linguistic elements in computational resources that draw on this genre; current international initiatives also actively promote and aim to technically facilitate such integrated and standardized linguistic resources. We describe why and how explicit representation of grammatical phenomena in literary models can provide interdisciplinary benefits for the digital humanities research community. In two related fields of activities, we address the above as part of our ongoing activities in the CLARIN2 and AMICUS3 projects. CLARIN aims to contribute to humanities research by creating and recommending effective workflows using natural language processing tools and digital resources in scenarios where text-based research is conducted by humanities or social sciences scholars. AMICUS is interested in motif identification, in order to gain insight into higher-order correlations of functions and other content units in texts from the cultural heritage and scientific discourse domains. We expect significant synergies from their interaction with the PftML prototype.
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| 8. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 9. |
- Nugues, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting a French Dictionary from the Beginning of the 20th Century to Wikidata
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022. - 9791095546726 ; , s. 2548-2555
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Petit Larousse illustré is a French dictionary first published in 1905. Its division in two main parts on language and on history and geography corresponds to a major milestone in French lexicography as well as a repository of general knowledge from this period. Although the value of many entries from 1905 remains intact, some descriptions now have a dimension that is more historical than contemporary. They are nonetheless significant to analyze and understand cultural representations from this time. A comparison with more recent information or a verification of these entries would require a tedious manual work. In this paper, we describe a new lexical resource, where we connected all the dictionary entries of the history and geography part to current data sources. For this, we linked each of these entries to a wikidata identifier. Using the wikidata links, we can automate more easily the identification, comparison, and verification of historically-situated representations. We give a few examples on how to process wikidata identifiers and we carried out a small analysis of the entities described in the dictionary to outline possible applications. The resource, i.e. the annotation of 20,245 dictionary entries with wikidata links, is available from GitHub (https://github.com/pnugues/petit_larousse_1905/).
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| 10. |
- Rejas, Danny, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The introduced Arapaima gigas in the Bolivian Amazon : Trophic position and isotopic niche overlap with native species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecology of Freshwater Fish. - 0906-6691 .- 1600-0633. ; 32:4, s. 926-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-native fish species may generate major ecological impacts on native assemblages. This study aims to assess the potential impact of the introduced Arapaima gigas on native fish assemblages in two oxbow lakes of the Bolivian Amazon. Stable isotope data were used to determine trophic position (TP) and isotopic niche overlap, to evaluate potential predation and competition interactions, respectively. Results suggest that A. gigas is more an omnivore than a top predator, as often claimed. Arapaima gigas occupied an intermediate TP between detritivore/herbivore and piscivore fish species and showed broader isotopic niche compared to most native species analysed. The isotopic niche of A. gigas significantly overlapped with most native fish species in one lake (i.e. Lake Mentiroso), while there was low niche overlap in the second (i.e. Lake Miraflores). Given its omnivorous tendencies, the predation impact of A. gigas on other fish species is likely less than currently claimed and likely varies with the food web structure of the ecosystem. More precise data on resource availability and use are necessary to infer whether niche overlap will have negative impacts on native fish species through potential competitive interactions. Increasing our understanding on the processes generating impact of these introductions on resident communities through food web ecology will pave the way for better resource management and conservation efforts.
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