| 1. |
- Arnetz, Bengt B, et al.
(författare)
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Spiritual values and practices in the workplace and employee stress and mental well-being
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion. - : International Association of Management Spirituality & Religion. - 1476-6086 .- 1942-258X. ; 10:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To determine whether employees’ spiritual values and practicesin the workplace attenuate occupational stress and work-related exhaustion,and promote mental well-being.Methods:Participants (N = 649) completedvalidated measures of mental well-being, occupational stress, and workrelatedexhaustion, as well as two newly developed measures of individualspiritual values and practices in the workplace.Results:Factor analysis confirmedthat spirituality items belonged to two separate constructs. In logisticregression models, the Spiritual Values in the Workplace scale was positivelyassociated with mental well-being and low occupational stress. Thespiritual practices at work scale was positively associated with low workrelatedexhaustion.Conclusions: Employee spiritual values and practices, aswell as workplace acceptance of such practices, appear to promote mentalwell-being and attenuate stress.
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| 2. |
- Beijer, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Facets of Male Violence Against Women With Substance Abuse Problems : Women With a Residence and Homeless Women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 33:9, s. 1391-1411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to investigate the type and extent to which women with substance abuse problems have been exposed to male violence during their lifetime, and to examine possible differences between women with a residence (WR) and homeless women (HW). The total sample included 79 women (WR, n = 35; HW, n = 44; M age = 47.8 years). Of the total sample, 72 women (91%) had experienced different kinds of male violence, 88% from former partners, and 26% from male friends or acquaintances. Of the 72 women, 71% further reported “Countless occasions of violent events,” and 36% had been forced to commit criminal acts. Abused women who had been forced to commit criminal acts were significantly more frequently found to be homeless, have reported parental alcohol and/or drug problems, have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, have been victims of sexual violence, have used illicit drugs as a dominant preparation, and have injected illicit drugs. Almost half of the abused women (46%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where HW showed an almost 4-time higher risk (RR 3.78) than WR. In conclusion there is a particular vulnerability in women with substance abuse to male violence, which has an important impact on their health status. Thus, from a public health perspective, it is suggested that for those women who have experienced male violence, treatment protocols need to include both assessing and addressing the impact of such experience in relation to substance abuse as well as concomitant health concerns.
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| 3. |
- Beijer, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Male violence against women with substance abuse problems : some health aspects
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective was to investigate to which extent two groups of women with substance abuse problems were exposed to male violence; women with a residence (WR, n= 35) and homeless women (HW, n= 44). The sample thus included 79 women (mean age: 47.8 years), of which 91% had experienced different kinds of male violence: from former partners, male friends or acquaintances, and 71% reported “Countless occasions of violent events”. Almost half of the women (46%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and HW displayed the higher risk (RR 3.78) as compared to WR. Furthermore, one-third of the abused women (26 out of 72) had been forced to commit criminal acts. Compared to the abused women without this experience, they were more likely: to be homeless, to be illicit drug addicts, to have reported parental alcohol and/or drug problems, to have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, and to have been victims of sexual abuse. Finally, the two groups significantly differed concerning ever having received treatment for mental problems, in that more WR women had received such treatment (74 % as compared to 46 %). In conclusion, it is suggested that experiences of male violence are to be considered in all different forms of treatment facilities for women with substance abuse problems.
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| 4. |
- Belfrage, Lennart, 1946-
(författare)
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Clergy Existence Challenged : An Existential Psychological Exploration of Meaning-Making and Burnout Related to the Church of Sweden
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the prevalence of stress-related burnout among clergy in the Church of Sweden in the current postmodern context. The study focuses on the seriousness of the problem and the role of burnout’s existential dimension. It involves an existential psychological approach in relation to clergy health, connecting to the area of meaning-making and existential health in psychology of religion. A mixed-method design has been used. The study’s first phase has included survey questionnaires related to the work environment of the parish priest, and a self-appraisal burnout measure. Lay members of parish councils have received a shorter questionnaire emphasizing expectations of the clergy. The second phase has included a second burnout measure and semi-structured reflective interviews with parish priests. A method for interpreting lived experience has been used Results indicate a strong connection between vocational doubt and emotional exhaustion, including items with existential themes. A particularly important category of items related to the experience of meaning has been found to have a significant relationship with questions concerning vocational doubt. The laity’s understanding of clergy identity is clearly dominated by managerial categories. It appears that the understanding and role of the minister is insufficiently distinctive. Reactions among the clergy express concern about the level of stress and the absence of dialogue and response. A strong connection between vocational doubt and emotional exhaustion points to void and lethargy. Relations between emotional exhaustion and responses relating to meaninglessness, career choice, and isolation have proven statistically significant. Existential themes related to risk areas and job resources have emerged. Results point to the need for pre-emptive measures in the parish context involving both laity and priests. A Clergy Relational Model of Burnout and Existential Quest is offered for studying mixed samples of parish priests and laity.
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| 5. |
- Birath, Christina Scheffel, et al.
(författare)
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Moods and expectancies of female alcohol drinking - an exploratory study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:3, s. 472-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaining access to information concerning mood states and expectations of change preceding a typical drinking occasion is important for understanding the trigger factors for drinking, and for alcohol abuse treatment planning. The objective of the present study was twofold: (i) to explore self-reported states of mood and expectancies preceding a typical drinking occasion vs. relations with parents and drinking outcome; and (ii) to investigate if vulnerability factors in terms of personality and health are related to severity of alcohol problems. The population consisted of 50 women attending a Swedish alcohol clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. A mixed-methods design was used encompassing qualitative interview-data and quantitative data from questionnaires and medical journals. Nine out of ten patients had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence, and four out of five had parents with dependency problems. As compared to a female norm group, the patients displayed significantly higher anxiety-related traits and irritability. Moods were described by patients as mostly negative and expectancies of change were evenly distributed between reducing, enhancing or flight from feeling. An expectancy of flight when drinking was also related to a positive relation to mother. The findings pointed to the need for differentiating between coping with and expectancies of drinking. Further, a hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in two groups, indicating one group characterized by higher risk values on personality scales and more severe consequences of drinking. The contribution of a treatment design informed through a gender and culture perspective to treatment outcome was discussed.
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| 6. |
- Birath, Christina Scheffel, et al.
(författare)
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Women with Substance Abuse Problems Exposed to Men's Violence - A Public Mental Health Challenge
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2155-6105. ; 4:2, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore self-rated physical and psychological health in two groups of women with substance misuse problems, subjected to male violence.Methods: An examination of the health situation for women with substance dependence being exposed to male violence during life. The study took place in a Swedish context exploring data from 35 women with housing (WwH) and 44 homeless women (HW), regarding posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, psychological and physical problems. Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to calculate differences between groups and correlations.Results: The proportion of women being exposed to male violence during life for the studied group was 91% (72 of 79 women; WwH 29; HW 43). It was found that the WwH had physical health problems but compared to the HW, significantly less frequent. Regarding psychological health problems, both groups were suffering from self-reported problems, most notably in variables measuring stress susceptibility and embitterment, where both WwH and HW had scores markedly above norm mean scores. The HW had overall a poorer mental health profile as compared to the WwH. The WwH still maintained a foundation in the society compared to the HW regarding housing (100/0%), and custody over their children (91/0%).Conclusion: The study indicated that women with substance dependence and those who are victims of male violence have major problems with both their psychological and physical health. Particularly vulnerable are the HW. Past experiences of violence that have not been processed can further aggravate the women’s health. Thus, we suggest initiating the process of asking women if they have experienced violence in order to then be able to provide appropriate treatment interventions. For the WwH, this process may lead to a prevention of serious consequences for both their housing situation and for their health.
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| 7. |
- Birath Scheffel, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Barn till våldsutsatta kvinnor med missbruksproblem
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att utifrån insamlade och bearbetade data från ursprungsprojektet 'Studie om mäns våld mot kvinnor med missbruksproblem' sammanställa resultat som speglar barns psykosociala familjesituation där modern har missbruksproblem och i många fall blivit utsatt för manligt våld av partner och/eller släkting, bekant, eller myndighetsperson. Sammanfattningsvis lyfter resultaten, avseende barnens egen ogynnsamma utveckling och den generationsöverskridande problematiken i föreliggande studie, frågan om betydelsen av tidiga interventioner riktade till barn i riskmiljöer. Detta förefaller vara av särskild vikt för att ge underbyggt stöd för aktivt handlande avseende Barns rätt i samhället enligt Barnkonventionen.
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| 8. |
- Birath Scheffel, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Risky drinking women : contrasting therapeutic approaches
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2329-6488. ; 2:3, s. 1000160-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The importance of early identification and effective treatment for risky drinking grows with the increasing rate of alcohol use by women. Objectives: This study aims to contrast treatment approaches for two samples of problem drinking women. Methods: The samples consisted of (i) 134 alcohol treatment-seeking Swedish women receiving long-term comprehensive services; and (ii) 152 US women who were not seeking treatment for alcohol but were medical outpatients with one of four conditions exacerbated by excessive alcohol use and received a brief intervention as part of a study. Data consisted of questionnaires assessing alcohol consumption, perceived stress and attitudes towards change. Results: While the treatment-seeking Swedish group drank more alcohol at the start of treatment, all women reduced their consumption of alcohol at the end of treatment/follow-up. Women who reported more stress drank more initially in both samples. Conclusion and Scientific Significance: This report contrasts two “extreme” approaches to treatment: longterm, open-ended, outpatient treatment and, time-limited, structured brief intervention for risky drinking women. Both treatment methods yielded positive results with significantly reduced drinking. Factors associated with successful outcome included the women’s attitudes toward treatment and conviction for the necessity of change in drinking habits.
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| 9. |
- Cetrez, Önver, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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A Psychosocial, Spiritual, and Physical Health Study among Assyrian-Syrian Refugees in Istanbul : Cultivating Resilience in the Midst of Hardship
- 2017
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Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies. - Istanbul : Pelikan Basim. - 2149-4398 .- 2458-8962. ; 2:2, s. 227-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at describing the general health situation among Assyrian-Syrian refugees (n = 171, 70.2% males, mean age 31.08) in Istanbul, during two separate time periods. Measures included The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), The Brief R-COPE, The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), The Primary Care Post Traumatic Disorder Scale (PC-PTSD), together with a number of additional health items. The results showed that among the 52.4% of those who were found to have experienced some kind of trauma, 23.4% met the criteria for PTSD. Ratings of one’s own physical health (p < .001), one’s own psychological health (p < .05), and PHQ were statistically significant with PTSD. Females rated their own physical health (p < .01) and own psychological health (p < .01) worse than men. A paired-samples t-Test showed a significant increase from Time 1 to Time 2 for Positive R-COPE (p < .08), a decrease for Negative R-COPE (p < .05), and an increase for the GSE (p < .05). A paired-samples t-Test showed a significant gender difference for the PHQ (p < .01) and GSE (p < .01). A mediation model, using a Sobel Test, showed that positive religious coping strategies reduced symptoms in male participants by improving their evaluations toward their own psychological well-being (p < .001).
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| 10. |
- Cetrez, Önver, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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A Public Mental Health Study Among Iraqi Refugees in Sweden : Social Determinants, Resilience, Gender, and Cultural Context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sociology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-7775. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This public mental health study highlights the interactions among social determinants and resilience on mental health, PTSD and acculturation among Iraqi refugees in Sweden 2012-2013.Objectives: The study aims to understand participants' health, resilience and acculturation, paying specific attention to gender differences.Design: The study, using a convenience sampling survey design (N = 4010, 53.2% men), included measures on social determinants, general health, coping, CD-RISC, selected questions from the EMIC, PC-PTSD, and acculturation.Results: Gender differences and reported differences between life experiences in Iraq and Sweden were strong. In Sweden, religious activity was more widespread among women, whereas activity reflecting religion and spirituality as a coping mechanism decreased significantly among men. A sense of belonging both to a Swedish and an Iraqi ethnic identity was frequent. Positive self-evaluation in personal and social areas and goals in life was strong. The strongest perceived source of social support was from parents and siblings, while support from authorities generally was perceived as low. Self-rated health was high and the incidence of PTSD was low. A clear majority identified multiple social determinants contributing to mental health problems. Social or situational and emotional or developmental explanations were the most common. In general, resilience (as measured with CD-RISC) was low, with women's scores lower than that of men.Conclusions: Vulnerability manifested itself in unemployment after a long period in Sweden, weak social networks outside the family, unsupportive authorities, gender differences in acculturation, and women showing more mental health problems. Though low socially determined personal scores of resilience were found, we also identified a strong level of resilience, when using a culture-sensitive approach and appraising resilience as expressed in coping, meaning, and goals in life. Clinicians need to be aware of the risks of poorer mental health among refugees in general and women in particular, although mental health problems should not be presumed in the individual patient. Instead clinicians need to find ways of exploring the cultural and social worlds and needs of refugee patients. Authorities need to address the described post-migration problems and unmet needs of social support, together comprising the well-established area of the social determinants of health.
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