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- Davies, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network
- 2014
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - 2047-217X. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the Genomic Observatories Network (GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its Founding Charter. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.
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- Davies, N., et al.
(författare)
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Report of the 14th Genomic Standards Consortium Meeting, Oxford, UK, September 17-21, 2012
- 2014
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Ingår i: Standards in Genomic Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1944-3277. ; 9:3, s. 1236-1250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report summarizes the proceedings of the 14th workshop of the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) held at the University of Oxford in September 2012. The primary goal of the workshop was to work towards the launch of the Genomic Observatories (GOs) Network under the GSC. For the first time, it brought together potential GOs sites, GSC members, and a range of interested partner organizations. It thus represented the first meeting of the GOs Network (GOs1). Key outcomes include the formation of a core group of “champions” ready to take the GOs Network forward, as well as the formation of working groups. The workshop also served as the first meeting of a wide range of participants in the Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) initiative, a first GOs action. Three projects with complementary interests – COST Action ES1103, MG4U and Micro B3 – organized joint sessions at the workshop. A two-day GSC Hackathon followed the main three days of meetings.
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- Deck, C., et al.
(författare)
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Protection capability of bicycle helmets under oblique impact assessed with two separate brain FE models
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - : International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury. ; , s. 190-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study proposes a bicycle helmet evaluation under oblique impact based on a coupled experimental versus numerical test method using two separate brain FE models. For each of the 17 helmet types three oblique impacts have been conducted and the 6D headform acceleration curves have been considered as the initial conditions of the brain injury risk assessment based on the FE simulation. The study gives a new insight into helmet protection capability under oblique loading and shows that adequate protection is offered by most of the helmets when impacts leading to rotation around X and Y are concerned. However when impact leads to rotation around Z axis the protection is critical for nearly all helmets. The study considers two separate brain FE models for the assessment of brain injury risk and thus permits a comparative analysis of brain FE modeling. When impact induces rotation around X and Y axis the computed results are comparable. However when rotation around Z axis are concerned significant differences are observed which demonstrate that further efforts are needed in the domain of model based brain injury criteria harmonization.
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- Peng, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Adult Pedestrian Head Impact Conditions and Injury Risks in Passenger Car Collisions Based on Real-World Accident Data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 14:6, s. 639-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the current study was to study the kinematics of adult pedestrians and assess head injury risks based on real-world accidents. Methods: A total of 43 passenger car versus pedestrian accidents, in which the pedestrian's head impacted the windscreen, were selected from accident databases for simulation study. According to real-world accident investigation, accident reconstructions were conducted using multibody system (MBS) pedestrian and car models under MADYMO environment (Strasbourg University) to calculate head impact conditions in terms of head impact velocity, head position, and head orientation. Pedestrian head impact conditions from MADYMO simulation results were then used to set the initial conditions in a simulation of a head striking a windscreen using finite element (FE) approach. Results: The results showed strong correlations between vehicle impact velocity and head contact time, throw distance, and head impact velocity using a quadratic regression model. In the selected samples, the results indicated that Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ and AIS 3+ severe head injuries with probability of 50 percent were caused by head impact velocity at about 33 and 49km/h, respectively. Further, the predicted head linear acceleration (head injury criterion, HIC) value, resultant angular velocity, and resultant angular acceleration for 50 percent probability of AIS 2+ and AIS 3+ head injury risk were 116 g, 825, 40 rad/s, 11,368 rad/s(2) and 162 g, 1442, 55 rad/s, 18,775 rad/s(2), respectively, and the predicted value of 50 percent probability of skull fracture was 135 g. Conclusions: The present study provides new insight into pedestrian head impact conditions in terms of velocity, angle, and impact location based on a number of real-world cases. Therefore, it may perform a critical analysis for current pedestrian head standard tests.
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- Peng, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Development of head injury risk functions based on real-world accident reconstruction
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 19:2, s. 105-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to assess head injury risks of adult pedestrians using computer reconstructions of the accidents. For this purpose, accident reconstructions were developed based on the real-world pedestrian accidents. The impact conditions, which were obtained from the previous study [Y. Peng, C. Deck, J.K. Yang, D. Otte, and R. Willinger, A study of adult pedestrian head impact conditions and injury risks in passenger car collisions based on real world accident data, Traffic Inj. Prev., doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.733841] including head impact velocity, head position and head orientation, were defined as initial loading conditions in a simulation of the head striking to a windscreen by using a finite element (FE) Hybrid III head model. Logistic regression models were developed to study brain injury risk with respect to injury related variables: the head linear acceleration, HIC value, skull fracture correlate (SFC), resultant angular acceleration and head impact power (HIP). The results from Hybrid III head impact simulations indicated that the predicted head linear acceleration, HIC value, resultant angular acceleration and HIP for 50% probability of AIS 2+ and AIS 3+head injury risk are 116g, 825, 11368 rad/s(2), 37 kW and 162g, 1442, 18775 rad/s(2), 68 kW, respectively, and the predicted values of 50% probability of skull fracture is 135g. The knowledge from this study could be a prerequisite for developing guidelines to improve pedestrian safety.
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- Peng, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pedestrian gait, vehicle-front geometry and impact velocity on kinematics of adult and child pedestrian head
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 17:5, s. 553-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of pedestrian gait, vehicle-front geometry and impact velocity on the dynamic responses of the head. The multi-body dynamic (MBD) models were used to simulate the head responses in vehicle to pedestrian collisions with different vehicle types in terms of head-impact point measured with Wrap Around Distance (WAD), head relative velocity and impact angle. Furthermore, the distribution of the head contact point on the vehicle fronts is analysed for a comparison of the contact point with the testing areas in the EEVC headform impactor test procedures. A simulation matrix is established using five vehicle types, two mathematical models of the pedestrians represented a 50th male adult and a 6-year-old child as well as seven pedestrian gaits based on typical postures in pedestrian accidents. In order to simulate a large range of impact conditions, four vehicle velocities (30 km/h, 40 km/h, 50 km/h and 60 km/h) are considered for each pedestrian position and vehicle type. The results indicated that the pedestrian gait and vehicle-impact velocity strongly influence head-impact condition. It is obvious that due to different vehicle-front geometry, the head-impact velocity, impact angle and head-impact point could be varied as well. This study provides suggestions for different head-impact conditions of subsystem test to the front part of different passenger vehicles.
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| 10. |
- Peng, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Finite element modeling of crash test behavior for windshield laminated glass
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Impact Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-743X. ; 57, s. 27-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study is to investigate the mechanical behavior of windshield laminated glass in the case of a pedestrian's head impact. Windshield FE models were set up using different combinations for the modeling of glass and PVB, with various connection types and two mesh sizes (5 mm and 10 mm). Each windshield model was impacted with a standard adult headform impactor in an LS-DYNA simulation environment, and the results were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The results indicated that the behavior of the windshield model with a double-layered shell of glass and PVB and a tied element connection support test results from previous studies. Furthermore, the influence of glass fracture stress on the same windshield model was investigated, and the cracked area and the peak value of the headform's linear acceleration were determined by the critical fracture stress. It was observed that a 50-MPa fracture stress in the glass best p!
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