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| 2. |
- Guerreiro, R., et al.
(författare)
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Heritability and genetic variance of dementia with Lewy bodies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961. ; 127, s. 492-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent large-scale genetic studies have allowed for the first glimpse of the effects of common genetic variability in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), identifying risk variants with appreciable effect sizes. However, it is currently well established that a substantial portion of the genetic heritable component of complex traits is not captured by genome-wide significant SNPs. To overcome this issue, we have estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic variability (SNP heritability) in DLB using a method that is unbiased by allele frequency or linkage disequilibrium properties of the underlying variants. This shows that the heritability of DLB is nearly twice as high as previous estimates based on common variants only (31% vs 59.9%). We also determine the amount of phenotypic variance in DLB that can be explained by recent polygenic risk scores from either Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), and show that, despite being highly significant, they explain a low amount of variance. Additionally, to identify pleiotropic events that might improve our understanding of the disease, we performed genetic correlation analyses of DLB with over 200 diseases and biomedically relevant traits. Our data shows that DLB has a positive correlation with education phenotypes, which is opposite to what occurs in AD. Overall, our data suggests that novel genetic risk factors for DLB should be identified by larger GWAS and these are likely to be independent from known AD and PD risk variants. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- van Dissel, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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End-stage heart failure in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: a multicentre study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 0195-668X. ; 44:34, s. 3278-3291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims For patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), factors associated with progression to end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) remain largely unclear. Methods This multicentre, retrospective cohort study included adults with ccTGA seen at a congenital heart disease centre. Clinical data from initial and most recent visits were obtained. The composite primary outcome was mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation, or death. Results From 558 patients (48% female, age at first visit 36 & PLUSMN; 14.2 years, median follow-up 8.7 years), the event rate of the primary outcome was 15.4 per 1000 person-years (11 mechanical circulatory support implantations, 12 transplantations, and 52 deaths). Patients experiencing the primary outcome were older and more likely to have a history of atrial arrhythmia. The primary outcome was highest in those with both moderate/severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 110, 31 events) and uncommon in those with mild/less RV dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 181, 13 events, P < .001). Outcomes were not different based on anatomic complexity and history of tricuspid valve surgery or of subpulmonic obstruction. New CHF admission or ventricular arrhythmia was associated with the primary outcome. Individuals who underwent childhood surgery had more adverse outcomes than age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified older age, prior CHF admission, and severe RV dysfunction as independent predictors for the primary outcome. Conclusions Patients with ccTGA have variable deterioration to end-stage heart failure or death over time, commonly between their fifth and sixth decades. Predictors include arrhythmic and CHF events and severe RV dysfunction but not anatomy or need for tricuspid valve surgery.
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| 4. |
- Dehghani, S., et al.
(författare)
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Towards an integrated system modeling of water scarcity with projected changes in climate and socioeconomic conditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 33, s. 543-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in semi-arid and arid areas. Drivers for water scarcity include climate change, population growth, economic, and agricultural development. This paper presents a framework for assessing water scarcity under the impact of climate, industry, and socio-economic changes in the Qazvin Plain, Iran. A system dynamics model is developed and calibrated using historical data to evaluate the effects of the projected drivers on water scarcity in 2025–2054. A Bayesian averaging model was used to manage the uncertainty in the GFDL, INM, IPSL, MPI-ESM1-2, and MRI.MRI-ESM2-0 climate projections under the two future SSP126 and SSP585 (shared socioeconomic pathways) scenarios. The results demonstrate that the water scarcity index (with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 1) is about 0.4 and 0.7 in SSP126 and SSP585, respectively, which may severely affect agricultural development. On the other hand, the industry, domestic, and service sectors are more resilient to these variations with no probable major effects on water scarcity. However, the stress on the agricultural sector may cause migration of the workforce to industry. Policymakers must focus on implementing appropriate adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector to prepare for unpredictable shocks to the system.
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| 7. |
- Beyramijam, M, et al.
(författare)
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Work-Family Conflict among Iranian Emergency Medical Technicians and Its Relationship with Time Management Skills: A Descriptive Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Emergency medicine international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2840 .- 2090-2859. ; 2020, s. 7452697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a form of interrole conflict in which an active participation in occupational activities causes strain and interferes with family roles of workers and vice versa. It is a major source of occupational stress among workers and personnel. Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are an important part of the healthcare system that respond to emergencies. The EMTs experience high level of job stress, which may affect their ability to perform their family roles, and, on the other hand, actively performing their family responsibilities may interfere with the effective delivery of the already stressful activities at workplace. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of WFC among Emergency Medical Technicians in Iran and its relationship with time management skills. Methods. This was a descriptive study. In this study, 271 EMTs from the western part of Iran completed the questionnaire for the assessment of WFC. The Carlson Family-Conflict Questionnaire and the “Time Management Behaviors Scale” developed by Macan were used as evaluation instruments. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Appropriate statistical analysis such as mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and Spearman rank correlation was applied for analyzing the data in SPSS. Results. The majority of the participants reported some degrees of WFC. Statistical analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between total WFC score and total “Time Management Behaviors scale” score (r = −0/381، p<0/0001). In the present study, there was no significant correlation between total WFC score and demographic factors such as educational level, age, sex, marital status, number of family members, need for family member care, and work experience (p>0.05). Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that time management behaviors and skills can reduce WFC among Emergency Medical Technicians. Therefore, it is recommended that prehospital emergency authorities and policymakers plan and implement measures such as reducing the duration of shift-work schedules, decreasing shift-change restrictions, and organizing regular time management courses. Also, employment of local inhabitants is preferred to geographically distant individuals with similar qualification as this will reduce the distance between home and workplace.
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| 8. |
- Dehghani, A., et al.
(författare)
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Archive in Flux: A Diffused Narrative of Material and Geo-History
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anales de Historia del Arte. - : Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). - 0214-6452 .- 1988-2491. ; 32, s. 411-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging from a socio-political urgency resultant from the current volatile situation of world politics, this article brings to the fore the age-old question of what an archive is. Spanning through the intellectual history of arkheion and the hegemonic structure of a daunting, cohesive building that reflects the ideologies of a singular authoritarian power that created it, this article explores the parallel structures of power that exist within the archival structure, at the same time rendering its structure and being rendered by it. The shift from the unidimensional power positions to this multiplicity of exchanges that make the archival structure fluid will be studied through certain eminent contemporary archival art practices. This article proposes a topology of the archive, as a departure from studying the archive as a location, a container. The archival art practices, in this schema, are neither an external element to the archive nor a separate practice gaining meaning in discourses, but an essential element in the horizons of what the archives enact in their multiplicity. In doing so, this article will strive towards an indeterminacy of the structure of the archive, where it functions neither as a mere integration of a determinate matter in the archive discourse nor as a domiciliation of the hitherto unknown or unacknowledged documents in a new container like a museum. Leaving the discourse-oriented and material-oriented path, the action of doing will be discussed as the determinate factor behind the existence of the archive. Hence, the search for the answer to the question initially introduced, what an archive is, may only be contemplated by focusing on how archives function, as the function will be explored further as the key to its creation and sustenance.
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| 9. |
- Dehghani, F., et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of microglial and astrocytic inflammatory responses by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. - : Wiley. - 0305-1846 .- 1365-2990. ; 36:7, s. 598-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Nucleotide depletion induced by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. It remains unclear whether nucleotide depletion directly counteracts neuronal demise or whether it inhibits microglial or astrocytic activation, thereby resulting in indirect neuroprotection. Methods: Effects of MMF on isolated microglial cells, astrocyte/microglial cell co-cultures and isolated hippocampal neurones were analysed by immunocytochemistry, quantitative morphometry, and elisa. Results: We found that: (i) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial secretion of interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide; (ii) MMF suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocytic production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha but not of nitric oxide; (iii) MMF strongly inhibited proliferation of both microglial cells and astrocytes; (iv) MMF did not protect isolated hippocampal neurones from excitotoxic injury; and (v) effects of MMF on glial cells were reversed after treatment with guanosine. Conclusions: Nucleotide depletion induced by MMF inhibits microglial and astrocytic activation. Microglial and astrocytic proliferation is suppressed by MMF-induced inhibition of the salvage pathway enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The previously observed neuroprotection after MMF treatment seems to be indirectly mediated, making this compound an interesting immunosuppressant in the treatment of acute central nervous system lesions.
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| 10. |
- Dehghani, H., et al.
(författare)
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The role of microscale solid matrix compressibility on the mechanical behaviour of poroelastic materials
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0997-7538. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the macroscale three-dimensional numerical solution of anisotropic Biot's poroelasticity, with coefficients derived from a micromechanical analysis as prescribed by the asymptotic homogenisation technique. The system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is discretised by finite elements, exploiting a formal analogy with the fully coupled thermal displacement systems of PDEs implemented in the commercial software Abaqus. The robustness of our computational framework is confirmed by comparison with the well-known analytical solution of the one-dimensional Therzaghi's consolidation problem. We then perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the model in a sphere (representing a biological tissue) by applying a given constant pressure in the cavity. We investigate how the macroscale radial displacements (as well as pressures) profiles are affected by the microscale solid matrix compressibility (MSMC). Our results suggest that the role of the MSMC on the macroscale displacements becomes more and more prominent by increasing the length of the time interval during which the constant pressure is applied. As such, we suggest that parameter estimation based on techniques such as poroelastography (which are commonly used in the context of biological tissues, such as the brain, as well as solid tumours) should allow for a sufficiently long time in order to give a more accurate estimation of the mechanical properties of tissues.
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