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- Chen, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Pooled analysis of genome-wide association studies of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) identifies a new susceptibility locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:27, s. 42216-42224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in subjects of European descent have identified associations between cervical cancer risk and three independent loci as well as multiple classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles at 6p21.3. To search for novel loci associated with development of cervical cancer, we performed a pooled analysis of data from two GWASs by imputing over 10 million genetic variants and 424 classical HLA alleles, for 1,553 intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3), 81 cervical cancer and 4,442 controls from the Swedish population. Notable findings were validated in an independent study of 961 patients (827 with CIN3 and 123 with cervical cancer) and 1,725 controls. Our data provided increased support for previously identified loci at 6p21.3 (rs9271898, P = 1.2 x 10(-24); rs2516448, 1.1 x 10(-15); and rs3130196, 2.3 x 10(-9), respectively) and also confirmed associations with reported classical HLA alleles including HLA-B*07:02, -B*15:01, -DRB1*13:01, -DRB1*15:01, -DQA1*01:03, -DQB1*06:03 and -DQB1*06:02. In addition, we identified and subsequently replicated an independent signal at rs73730372 at 6p21.3 (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.54-0.67, P = 3.0 x 10(-19)), which was found to be an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of both HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1. This is one of the strongest common genetic protective variants identified so far for CIN3. We also found HLA-C*07:02 to be associated with risk of CIN3. The present study provides new insights into pathogenesis of CIN3.
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- Deng, Kaiqiang, et al.
(författare)
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A dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern and northeastern China in winter and early spring
- 2024
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Ingår i: CLIMATE DYNAMICS. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change has led to more frequent and intense dry and wet extremes, causing considerable socio-economic losses, but whether these extremes in distant regions are linked and what mechanisms are driving their changes remain unclear. Based on the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index and ERA5 reanalysis data, this study reveals a dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern China (SWC) and northeastern China (NEC) from January to April: when SWC was extremely dry, NEC tended to be anomalously wet, and vice versa. Although the seesawing teleconnection is most significant on interannual time scales, it also experienced interdecadal changes, with wet SWC and dry NEC in 1979-1998 and 2019-present and dry SWC and wet NEC in 1999-2018. Further investigations suggest that the pattern of dry SWC and wet NEC is related to anomalous anticyclones (cyclones) over SWC (NEC), which lead to significant changes in surface temperature and total precipitation in the respective regions. The dryness in western (eastern) SWC is mainly influenced by the changes in temperature (precipitation), while the NEC wetness is affected mainly by the changes in temperature. Observational and modeling studies further suggest that the pressure anomalies over SWC and NEC are caused by zonally and meridionally propagating Rossby wave trains, triggered by the North Atlantic Oscillation and the enhanced Indo-Pacific convection, respectively. These wave trains further lead to hydroclimatic extremes in North America, southern Europe, and the Middle East by regulating the atmospheric circulation anomalies over these regions.
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- Deng, Kaiqiang, et al.
(författare)
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The offshore wind speed changes in China: an insight into CMIP6 model simulation and future projections
- 2024
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Ingår i: CLIMATE DYNAMICS. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Offshore wind speed in China plays a key role in affecting air-sea interactions, coastal tides, and wind energy, but its changes in a warming climate and the associated causes remain unclear. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, this study evaluates the past and future variations of wind speed at 10 m (WS10) over China's offshore seas in summer and winter. The results show that the CMIP6 multi-model mean performs well in simulating the climatological patterns (1981-2010) of WS10 for both seasons. The trends and leading variabilities in WS10 are also reasonably reproduced in the South China Sea (SCS). In the northern SCS, WS10 has strengthened during both seasons in the recent decades. In contrast, in the East China Sea (ECS), WS10 has increased (decreased) during summer (winter). Further attribution analysis suggests that the forcing of greenhouse gasses (aerosols) may make WS10 stronger (weaker) in the two seas and for both seasons, while natural variability tends to slow down (speed up) WS10 in the SCS and ECS during summer (winter). In addition, according to the CMIP6 model projections under various warming scenarios, WS10 is likely to increase over both the northern SCS and the ECS in summer, while WS10 will increase over the northern SCS but decrease over the ECS in winter. Differences in the projected WS10 changes in the ECS during summer and winter are attributed to the projected intensification (weakening) of the East Asian summer (winter) monsoon circulation.
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- Di, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable Ordered Nanostructured Phases by Co-assembly of Amphiphilic Polyoxometalates and Pluronic Block Copolymers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 23:5, s. 1645-1651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assembly of polyoxometalate (POM) metal–oxygen clusters into ordered nanostructures is attracting a growing interest for catalytic and sensing applications. However, assembly of ordered nanostructured POMs from solution can be impaired by aggregation, and the structural diversity is poorly understood. Here, we present a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of the co-assembly in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic organo-functionalized Wells-Dawson-type POMs with a Pluronic block copolymer over a wide concentration range in levitating droplets. SAXS analysis revealed the formation and subsequent transformation with increasing concentration of large vesicles, a lamellar phase, a mixture of two cubic phases that evolved into one dominating cubic phase, and eventually a hexagonal phase formed at concentrations above 110 mM. The structural versatility of co-assembled amphiphilic POMs and Pluronic block copolymers was supported by dissipative particle dynamics simulations and cryo-TEM.
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- Ji, MF, et al.
(författare)
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Mass screening for liver cancer: results from a demonstration screening project in Zhongshan City, China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 12787-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current Chinese national guidelines recommend routine screening for liver cancer in patients positive for HBsAg, irrespective of fibrosis status, age, or family history of liver cancer. We aim to evaluate whether the recommended screening strategy could reduce liver-cancer-specific mortality. We conducted a liver cancer mass screening trial in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City, China, among residents aged 35–64 years in 2012. All volunteers were offered serological testing for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). We proposed biannual screening using serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography examination for subjects positive for HBsAg. Among 17,966 participants (26.2% of 68,510 eligible residents) who were free of liver cancer at baseline in 2012, we identified 57 incident cases of liver cancer within the first 4 years of follow-up (i.e., 43 among 2,848 HBsAg-positive participants and 14 among 15,118 HBsAg-negative participants), compared with 104 cases identified in non-participants (N = 50,544). A total of 207 participants had the recommended number of ultrasonography examinations (every 6 months) during the screening period. Compared with cases identified from non-participants, the cases arising among participants were more likely to be at early stage and had better survival than those among non-participants. However, we did not observe a reduction in liver cancer-specific mortality rate among participants (relative risk = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.68, 1.58, P = 0.856). Our demonstration screening study does not show a reduction in liver cancer mortality within the first 4 years of follow-up according to current guidance in China, although long-term efficacy remains to be evaluated. Targeted surveillance among high-risk individuals as recommended by international guidelines, along with measures to improve compliance, should be evaluated in the Chinese population.
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- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 10. |
- Li, Xiao-Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling the formation mechanism of graphitic nitrogen-doping in thermally treated graphene with ammonia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) has attractive properties that has been widely studied over the years. However, its possible formation process still remains unclear. Here, we propose a highly feasible formation mechanism of the graphitic-N doing in thermally treated graphene with ammonia by performing ab initio molecular dynamic simulations at experimental conditions. Results show that among the commonly native point defects in graphene, only the single vacancy 5-9 and divacancy 555-777 have the desirable electronic structures to trap N-containing groups and to mediate the subsequent dehydrogenation processes. The local structure of the defective graphene in combining with the thermodynamic and kinetic effect plays a crucial role in dominating the complex atomic rearrangement to form graphitic-N which heals the corresponding defect perfectly. The importance of the symmetry, the localized force field, the interaction of multiple trapped N-containing groups, as well as the catalytic effect of the temporarily formed bridge-N are emphasized, and the predicted doping configuration agrees well with the experimental observation. Hence, the revealed mechanism will be helpful for realizing the targeted synthesis of N-graphene with reduced defects and desired properties.
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