| 1. |
- Denissen, Jaap J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 25:2, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence in a longitudinal round robin design, following previously unacquainted members of small student work groups. Results indicated that peer-reputations of intelligence were reliable, stable and weakly correlated with objective intelligence. Bias was shown by correlations with interpersonal liking (decreasing across time) and idiosyncratic rating tendencies (increasing across time). Agreement between self-ratings and peer-reputations increased over time but was not based on increasing accuracy but on reciprocal associations between self-ratings and peer-reputations in the beginning of the acquaintanceship process, and on peer-reputations predicting changes in self-ratings later on. Finally, it was shown that peer-rated intelligence reputations predict academic achievement across two 4-month periods (even when tested intelligence was controlled) and dropout from university after 8 months. Overall, the pattern of results demonstrates the utility of a socioanalytic perspective in analysing personality and social processes.
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| 2. |
- Dufner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Positive intelligence illusions : on the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 80:3, s. 537-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between self-enhancement and psychological adjustment has been debated for over 2 decades. This controversy is partly due to the variety of approaches implicated in the assessment of mainly self-enhancement but also psychological adjustment. We adopted a face-valid approach by statistically removing actual intellectual ability variance from self-rated intellectual ability variance. Study 1 (N?=?2,048), a concurrent Internet investigation, provided initial insight into the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment. Study 2 (N?=?238), a longitudinal round-robin investigation, allowed a closer examination of the dynamic processes underlying this relation. Self-enhancement was positively linked to multiple indicators of intrapersonal and interpersonal adjustment, and predicted rank-order increases in adjustment over time. The links between intellectual self-enhancement and intrapersonal adjustment were mediated by self-esteem. Finally, the interpersonal costs and benefits of self-enhancement systematically varied depending on methodology.
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| 3. |
- Denissen, Jaap J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Single-item big five ratings in a social network design
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 22:1, s. 37-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop and validate an ultra-short measure to assess the Big Five in social network designs, the unipolar items of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory were adapted to create a bipolar single-item scale (TIPI-r), including a new Openness item. Reliability was examined in terms of the internal consistency and test-retest stability of self-ratings and peer-rating composites (trait reputations). Validity was examined by means of convergence between TIPI-r and Big Five Inventory (BFI) scores, self-peer agreement and projection (intra-individual correlation between self- and peer-ratings). The psychometric quality of the TIPI-r differed somewhat between scales and the different reliability and validity criteria. The high reliability of the peer-rating composites motivates to use the TIPI-r in future studies employing social network designs.
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| 4. |
- van Zalk, Maarten H. W., et al.
(författare)
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Who benefits from chatting, and why? : the roles of extraversion and supportiveness in online chatting and emotional adjustment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-1672 .- 1552-7433. ; 37:9, s. 1202-1215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aimed to provide more insight into the role of online chatting in young adults’ emotional adjustment. A model was tested that takes into account (a) extraversion of individuals who communicate online, (b) the kind of peers these individuals communicate with online (i.e., online-exclusive peers vs. friends), and (c) the extent to which effects of online chatting on emotional adjustment are mediated by individuals’ ability to provide support to others. Young adults (age M = 18.9) filled out questionnaires about themselves and their fellow students at three measurements with a 4-month interval. Results showed that only for less extraverted individuals, chatting with peers found exclusively online directly predicted higher self-esteem and indirectly predicted less depressive symptoms through increases in supportiveness. Thus, results supported a model of social compensation where effects of online chatting with online-exclusive peers improved young adults’ emotional adjustment.
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| 5. |
- Denissen, Jaap J. A., et al.
(författare)
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How the internet is changing the implementation of traditional research methods, people's daily lives, and the way in which developmental scientists conduct research
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 34:6, s. 564-575
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen an impressive increase in web-based research, of which we review and discuss two main types. First, researchers can create online versions of traditional questionnaires. Using the internet in this way usually does not compromise the psychometric properties of such measures, and participants are typically not less representative of the general population than those of traditional studies. Technical guidelines are provided to set up such studies, and thorny issues such as participants' anonymity are discussed. We will also discuss issues regarding the assessment of minors and the repeated assessment of participants to assess developmental changes via the web. Second, the internet has changed the way people interact with each other. The study of the psychosocial consequences of this development is called cyberpsychology. We review emerging findings from this young discipline, with a focus on developmentally-relevant implications such as the use of the internet by adolescents to disclose personal information.
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| 6. |
- Deuling, Jacqueline K., et al.
(författare)
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Perceived influence in groups over time : how associations with personality and cognitive ability can change over time
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 45:6, s. 576-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of personality and cognitive ability to predict perceptions of group influence in small work groups are assessed both in initial and advanced stages of group formation. Extraversion is found important to initial perceptions of intra-group influence, which is partially mediated by peer-perceived social-emotional usefulness. After a few months, reputations are established and everyone has met: now work needs to get done efficiently and accurately and cognitive ability predicts increases in perceived group influence, which is partially mediated by perceived intelligence. After even more time, other Big Five personality traits become important to changes in perceived group influence, with positive associations with openness to experience, and negative associations with neuroticism and conscientiousness. The study findings and implications are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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