| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Ida, 1981-
(författare)
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Adolescent mental health : time trends and validity of self-report measures
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Studies of time trends of adolescent self-reported mental health suggest an increase of mental health symptoms globally. Unfortunately, several studies within the field have methodological problems, such as short time-period between measurements and different mental health measures over time. When estimating mental health through self-report measures, the measures need to be both valid and reliable. Reports from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have shown that several self-report scales used in Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry lack validation in Swedish, and some are direct translations of adult self-report scales without proper age- adaption.Aims: This thesis aims to add to previous knowledge regarding time trends of self-reported mental health among Swedish youth and to validate internationally used reliable self-report measures for use in Sweden.Methods: In Study I, we investigated changes in self-reported mental health symptoms, both internalized and externalized, in two samples: The first sample in 1981 and the second in 2014, both samples including all grade 9 students of Luleå. The same composite self-report measures were used at both time points. In study II we translated and validated the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale second edition (RADS-2) with classical test theory. In study III, eight pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) item banks were translated to Swedish and culturally adapted using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) methodology. Study IV describes the item response theory (IRT) validation of two item banks, the PROMIS Pediatric Bank v2.0 – Anxiety and the PROMIS Pediatric Bank v2.0 - Depressive Symptoms, in a school- and Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry patient sample.Results: Study I: There has been an increase in internalizing symptoms, especially among girls. Externalizing symptoms have decreased, especially among boys, and in 2014 compared to 1981; there is no significant difference between girls and boys. Study 2: The factor structure of the Swedish version of RADS-2 was confirmed and measurement invariance for sex and age-group. Reliability was acceptable to excellent for all subscales and the RADS-2 total scale. Concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity was acceptable. Study III: All of the eight pediatric PROMIS item banks had translation issues to resolve. However, the translated and adapted versions were linguistically acceptable. Study IV: After removing a few items, the pediatric PROMIS item banks of anxiety and depressive symptoms showed good IRT fit statistics and no differential item functioning. A computer adaptive test (CAT) simulation supports the idea of the item banks to be appropriate to use with CAT.Conclusion: This study supports the previous knowledge pointing to a rise in self-reported mental health, especially among girls. Valid and reliable diagnostic measures are needed in Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry. RADS-2 is an internationally established measure, and the Swedish version is now validated in a relatively large school sample. Item response theory has several advantages compared to classical test theory. We have translated eight PROMIS item banks to Swedish, and two of them, anxiety and depressive symptoms, have been validated with IRT in a school- and patient sample.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of eight pediatric item banks from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)(R)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8020. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background This study is part of the Swedish initiative for the establishment of standardized, modern patient-reported measures for national use in Swedish healthcare. The goal was to translate and culturally adapt eight pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS(R)) item banks (anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, family relationships, fatigue, pain interference, peer relationships and physical activity) into Swedish. Methods Authorization to translate all currently available pediatric PROMIS item banks (autumn, 2016) into Swedish was obtained from the PROMIS Health Organization. The translation followed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation recommendations with one major modification, which was the use of a bilingual multi-professional review workshop. The following steps were applied: translation, reconciliation, a two-day multi professional reviewer workshop, back translation, and cognitive debriefing with eleven children (8-17 years) before final review. The bilingual multi-professional review workshop provided a simultaneous, in-depth assessment from different professionals. The group consisted of questionnaire design experts, researchers experienced in using patient-reported measures in healthcare, linguists, and pediatric healthcare professionals. Results All item banks had translation issues that needed to be resolved. Twenty-four items (20.7%) needed resolution at the final review stage after cognitive debriefing. The issues with translations included 1. Lack of matching definitions with items across languages (6 items); 2. Problems related to language, vocabulary, and cultural differences (6 items); and 3. Difficulties in adaptation to age-appropriate language (12 items). Conclusions The translated and adapted versions of the eight Swedish pediatric PROMIS item banks are linguistically acceptable. The next stage will be cross-cultural validation studies in Sweden. Despite the fact that there are cultural differences between Sweden and the United States, our translation processes have successfully managed to address all issues. Expert review groups from already-established networks and processes regarding pediatric healthcare throughout the country will facilitate the future implementation of pediatric PROMIS item banks in Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale second edition (RADS-2) in a normative sample
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 75:4, s. 292-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to the sharp global increase in prevalence of adolescent major depressive disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, we need internationally validated tools for multi-dimensional assessment. Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale second edition (RADS-2) measures dysphoric mood, anhedonia/negative affect, negative self-evaluation and somatic complaints and is widely used internationally, but not yet available in Swedish.Aim: The aim of this study is to test the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish version of RADS-2 in a normative sample.Material and method: Data was gathered from junior and high school students in Northern Sweden (N = 637). We performed: 1. Confirmatory factor analysis to examine the 4-factor structure proposed by Reynolds, 2. Measurement invariance analysis for sex (girls, boys) and age group (12-15 years, 16-20 years). 3. Reliability testing and 4. Tests for concurrent, discriminant and convergent validity using Beck's Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment Depression and Anger subscales, the Patient Reported Outcome Measurements Information System, Anxiety and Friends subscales and the World Health Organization Wellness Index.Results: The sample consisted of n = 637 students (n = 389 girls and n = 248 boys), mean age 15.73 (SD = 1.76); 12-20 years. The 4-factor structure was confirmed, as well as measurement invariance for sex and age group. Reliability was acceptable to excellent for all subscales and RADS-2 total scale. Concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity was good.Conclusion: The Swedish version of RADS-2 showed acceptable reliability and validity in a Swedish normative sample.
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| 4. |
- Carlberg Rindestig, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of online sexual violence : interviews with Swedish teenage girls in psychiatric care
- 2023
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Ingår i: Violence against Women. - : Sage Publications. - 1077-8012 .- 1552-8448.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research about online sexual violence (OSV) is needed to be able to better meet the needs of girls in psychiatric care. The objectives of this study are to explore experiences of online sexual violence among young female psychiatric service users. Interviews with nine girls with psychiatric care needs were analyzed with thematic analysis. The findings are summarized in four themes which contribute to the notion that online sexual violence is only one, albeit important, part of a more complex picture of violence among young girls in psychiatric care. The girls’ narratives are shaped by, as well as reproducing gender norms.
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| 5. |
- Carlberg Rindestig, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometrics of three Swedish physical pediatric item banks from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)(R): pain interference, fatigue, and physical activity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8020. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS (R)) aims to provide self-reported item banks for several dimensions of physical, mental and social health. Here we investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish pediatric versions of the Physical Health item banks for pain interference, fatigue and physical activity which can be used in school health care and other clinical pediatric settings. Physical health has been shown to be more important for teenagers' well-being than ever because of the link to several somatic and mental conditions. The item banks are not yet available in Sweden. Methods 12- to 19-year-old participants (n = 681) were recruited in public school settings, and at a child- and psychiatric outpatient clinic. Three one-factor models using CFA were performed to evaluate scale dimensionality. We analyzed monotonicity and local independence. The items were calibrated by fitting the graded response model. Differential Item analyses (DIF) for age, gender and language were calculated. Results As part of the three one-factor models, we found support that each item bank measures a unidimensional construct. No monotonicity or local dependence were found. We found that 11 items had significant lack of fit in the item response theory (IRT) analyses. The result also showed DIF for age (seven items) and language (nine items). However, the differences on item fits and effect sizes of McFadden were negligible. After considering the analytic results, graphical illustration, item content and clinical relevance we decided to keep all items in the item banks. Conclusions We translated and validated the U.S. PROMIS item banks pain interference, fatigue and physical activity into Swedish by applying CFA, IRT and DIF analyses. The results suggest adequacy of the translations in terms of their psychometrics. The questionnaires can be used in school health and other pediatric care. Future studies can be to use Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT), which provide fewer but reliable items to the test person compared to classical testing.
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| 6. |
- Carnelius, Filippa, et al.
(författare)
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The association between gender, sexual harassment, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms in adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:3, s. 256-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The study aims to identify the prevalence of bullying and sexual harassment as well as possible risk and protective factors for depression among adolescents. We focus on the association of different types of sexual harassment, gender, bullying, and self-compassion to depression criteria according to DSM 4.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 318 adolescents aged 15–20 years, from Sweden. Participants answered the self-assessment scales Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Second Edition, and Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales for Youth, as well as questions about sexual harassment and bullying. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between bullying, sexual harassment, self-compassion, and gender with depressive symptoms.Results: Few students had been subjected to bullying, whereas sexual harassment was more common. About 32.7% of students had been subjected to verbal harassment and girls were more frequently exposed. Both bullying and sexual harassment were associated with depressive symptoms, and gender patterns were observed. For boys, verbal harassment and bullying correlated with negative self-evaluation and somatic complaints. For girls, bullying correlated with all depressive symptoms. Higher levels of self-compassion were associated with less depression, and the correlation was especially strong among boys.Conclusion: Boys and girls express different types of depressive symptoms when subjected to bullying and sexual harassment. Not asking boys about negative self-evaluation or somatic complaints could lead to missing depression. However, for girls, all four symptoms are equally important to inquire about. Self-compassion is a possible protective factor against depression and future studies will show if teaching this to adolescents could lead to less depression.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline training in cognitive and psychodynamic psychotherapy during a psychologist training program : Exploring client outcomes in therapies of one or two semesters
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Routledge. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 22:5, s. 515-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This effectiveness study explored the outcomes of 187 clients seen by 187 students undergoing baseline training in psychotherapy. Clients reduced their symptoms (SCL-90) and increased their positive self-image (SASB introject) during the therapy. Multiple regression analyses showed no differences between the cognitive and the psychodynamic training approaches and no differences between one and two semesters duration of the therapies. However, 2 - 3% of variance in end states was accounted for by the interaction between the variables, indicating a moderating effect of duration in the two approaches. Outcomes for clients in the cognitive training approach were significantly better with two semesters than with one semester, while there was no such difference in the psychodynamic approach. Consequences for baseline training are discussed.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring gender stereotypes about interpersonal behavior and personality factors using digital matched-guise techniques
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 47:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study explores gender stereotypes among Swedish university students (n=101) studying a course in psychology, using a matched-guise experimental design. The gender identity of a speaker in a dialogue, manifested by voice, was digitally manipulated to sound male or female. Responses to the recordings indicated that an actor with a male voice was rated significantly less conscientious, agreeable, extraverted, and open to experience than the same actor with a female voice. On social behavior, there was a tendency for the actor with a male voice to be rated as more hostile than the same actor with a female voice. The study suggests that stereotype effects rather than real behavioral differences may have an impact on perceived gender differences.
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