| 1. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in animal science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6225. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. Eight Brahman heifers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The treatments were: mineral mixture, mineral mixture with virginiamycin, multiple supplement, and multiple supplement with virginiamycin. The basal diet consisted of a high-quality Tifton 85 hay (Cynodom sp.) chopped at 10-cm particle size and fed twice daily. The mineral mixture was provided daily at 120 g/animal. The multiple supplement was formulated to provide 300 g of crude protein (CP)/kg as fed, contained mineral mixture, corn grain, and urea: ammonium sulfate, and was daily provided at 200 g/animal. The mineral mixture and multiple supplement provided the same daily amount of minerals. The amount of supplemental virginiamycin was based on a maximum theoretical response on animal performance (50 mg/100 kg body weight) and daily mixed to the supplements types. The treatments were compared according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (mineral mixture and multiple supplement, with or without virginiamycin). The virginiamycin supplementation did not alter either voluntary intake or digestibility (P≥0.44). Using the multiple supplement decreased forage (P<0.05) and digested organic matter (DOM, P<0.10) intake, but increased dietary CP : DOM ratio (P<0.01). The multiple supplement increased the ruminal ammonia concentration (P<0.04) and the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P<0.06). Virginiamycin increased urinary nitrogen (N) when provided along with multiple supplement (P<0.05). Fecal N was decreased by multiple supplement (P<0.06). Despite these effects, no effect was verified on either body N accretion (P≥0.48) or microbial N production in the rumen (P≥0.27). Virginiamycin decreased the blood IGF-1 (P<0.07). The hepatic gene expression for propionyl-CoA carboxylase was increased by virginiamycin (P<0.01). Virginiamycin increased the hepatic gene expression of both citrate synthase and pyrivate carboxylase when mineral mixture was provided (P<0.01), but decreased it when animals were fed multiple supplement (P<0.04). Using a low-intake multiple supplement with a high CP content for cattle fed high-quality forage causes a substitutive effect on forage intake, but keeps nitrogen accretion unchanged. That pattern indicates an improvement in feed efficiency. On the other hand, virginiamycin supplementation seems to cause some post-prandial influences, which may vary according to the type of supplement. Those influences apparently improve animal efficiency.
|
|
| 2. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Creatinine recovery from bovine urine under the effect of different times and temperatures of storage
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creatinine is a urinary marker used widely in ruminant's experimental trials. However, despite its great importance no data were found in the literature about the best way to store bovine urine samples. In the sheep urine, was observed an increase in the urinary concentration of creatinine when it was stored acidified (pH 2.5 to 3.5) at a temperature of 28 to 39 degrees C for 150 days of storage. Nevertheless, urine should be stored acidified (pH below 3) to avoid purine derivative degradation, So, aimed to evaluate creatinine recovery in bovine urine as a function of storage time and temperature. A total of 25 animals' urine (10 Nellore cattle and 15 Holstein cattle) were collected. The urine (40 mL) was diluted in 160 mL of distilled water and its pH was corrected to a value lower than 3 using sulfuric acid drops. A sample of the diluted urine was analyzed to obtain the creatinine concentration reference value on the collection day. The remaining urine was fractionated and preserved at room temperature, cooled (4 degrees C) or frozen (-20 degrees C and -40 degrees C). In the urine of five Holstein cattle was added creatine solutions (20, 40 and 60 mg/dL) to evaluate the creatine to creatinine conservation. These urine samples were analyzed on different days after collection (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days). The urine without any added creatine was analyzed on Days 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 of storage. The addition of creatine in the urine caused an increase in the creatinine concentration (P < 0.05) after 30 days of storage at room temperature and under refrigeration (4 degrees C). In frozen samples, there was no change in creatinine concentration (P > 0.05). However, creatinine recovery was constant (P > 0.05) until day 15 of storage, regardless of the temperature used, when creatine was not added. After 30 days of storage, an effect of time and/or temperature was observed on creatinine recovery (P < 0.05). Urine samples can be stored at any temperature for up to 15 days after collection to estimate the creatinine concentration. Samples that need storage times longer than 15 days should be frozen (at -20 degrees C and -40 degrees C) to avoid creatinine concentration variation.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Does frequency of protein supplementation affect performance of cattle under grazing in tropical pastures?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to evaluate the effects of protein supplementation frequency on performance and voluntary intake of cattle under grazing in tropical pastures by using a meta-analytical approach. The dataset used to evaluate the voluntary intake was compiled from 18 experiments carried out in Brazil between 2009 and 2021, totaling 75 treatment means. In order to evaluate the animal performance, treatment means were collected from 19 experiments carried out in Brazil between 2003 and 2018, totaling 69 treatment means. The data were analyzed using meta-analysis techniques, considering the random effect of the experiments on the model parameters. There was no effect of supplementation (P > 0.11) or supplementation frequency (P > 0.18) on forage intake and dietary digested organic matter content (DOM). On the other hand, supplementation increased (P < 0.01) total intake, dietary crude protein (CP) and CP-to-DOM dietary ratio. Supplementation enhanced (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG), but without any influence of supplementation frequency (P > 0.84). The ADG increased linearly (P < 0.05) as forage CP increased, but no difference was detected (P > 0.05) among supplementation frequencies. The additional weight gain (AWG) caused by supplementation decreased as forage CP increased and became null at 150 g CP/kg dry matter. There was a quadratic pattern (P < 0.01) of the AWG in response to variations in both supplement intake and supplemental CP intake, but no effect of different frequencies was detected on this variable (P > 0.05). Maximal responses occur when 5.0 g of supplement and 1.14 g of supplemental CP per kg BW were provided. Reducing protein supplementation frequency down to thrice a week does not affect voluntary intake and performance of cattle under grazing in tropical pastures. There is a positive response to protein supplementation on animal performance even with medium to high-quality forages. However, that response decreases as forage CP increases and becomes null at 150 CP/kg dry matter.
|
|
| 5. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Effect of pre- and post-weaning supplementation on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Animal Production Science. - 1836-0939 .- 1836-5787. ; 62, s. 1706-1719
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Supplementation during the pre- and post-weaning periods is essential to improve the development of beef heifers in tropical pastures. Especially during the dry period, performance of heifers is limited due to low forage yield and poor nutritional value. Aim. Evaluate the effect of supplementation during pre- and post-weaning periods on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing. Methods. Fifty-four Nellore heifers were randomly divided between the following four supplementation plans, with two replicates: NN, not supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry period; NS, not supplemented in the pre-weaning period and supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; SN, supplemented in the pre-weaning period and not supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; and SS, supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry periods; with 14, 13, 13 and 14 calves in each treatment respectively. In the post-weaning dry-to-rainy transition period, all heifers were supplemented. Key results. Supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter and crude protein on Day 56 (pre-weaning phase) and Day 168 (post-weaning dry period). Heifers supplemented during the pre-weaning phase had a higher final body weight (fBW) and average daily gain (ADG) on Day 112 (P < 0.05). Heifers NS and SS had higher fBW and ADG on Day 224 (P < 0.05). On Day 280, fBW were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS. Insulin-like growth factor I was higher for heifers supplemented in the pre-weaning period on Day 112, and higher for NS and SS heifers on Day 224 (P < 0.05). Albumin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS on Day 280. Supplementation had no effect on either corpus luteum presence or concentration of progesterone (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Supplementation during either pre- or post-weaning phases improved multiple performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics. The results due to supplementation post-weaning were independent of supplementation pre-weaning. However, supplementation did not result in an improved response to the puberty induction protocol used in this experiment.
|
|
| 6. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Heating Times for Loss on Drying at 105 degrees C for Estimation of Laboratory Dry Matter in Animal Feeds
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1060-3271 .- 1944-7922. ; 106, s. 261-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Dry matter (DM) is a routine test for all animal feeds, facilitating feed comparisons and diet formulation. It is the most frequent test, yet the most challenging with respect to precision and accuracy. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy, repeatability, and physicochemical impacts of oven-drying times on LDM test results in animal feeds obtained by loss on drying (LoD) at 105 degrees C. Methods Eighteen primary samples collected from different feed sources were grouped into high-moisture (HM) and low-moisture (LM) content materials. The tested methods were based on LoD at 105 degrees C and Karl Fischer titration was adopted as the reference method. Test portions were oven dried at 105 degrees C for 3, 6, 12, 16, and 24 h, and test results were compared to the reference method. Test portions were also subjected to a color evaluation using a colorimetric technique. Results The method based on 3 h of drying provided the closest estimates to those obtained by Karl Fischer titration. Extending heating time (i.e., above 3 h) increased the bias, especially for HM feeds, which was attributed to a higher occurrence of non-enzymatic reactions. This was corroborated by the color of the residues, which became darker with increased heating time. The repeatability of LoD methods was considered adequate, ranging from 0.32 to 0.73%. Conclusion The LoD method based on the binomial 105 degrees C x 3 h minimizes the bias in the water recovery and causes less non-enzymatic browning in the test portions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
I don’t like interacting, but it’s necessary: a brief overview of factorial experiments in animal science
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Revista Eletrônica Nutritime. - 1983-9006. ; 19, s. 9143-9155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The factorial experiments are useful in animal science, as they allow us to evaluate how different causative factors affect directly the animal responses and, mostly important, how the factors can interfere with each other on that responses. The animal production is naturally an interactive process. Therefore, interactions must be an important aspect to be considered when we look at a better understanding of nutritional and metabolic aspects of animal production. In this overview, I present the most basic aspects of factorial experiments applied do animal science and some ways to avoid the most common mistakes that can be made when carrying out this kind of experiment.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Detmann, Edenio
(författare)
-
Strategies of energy supplementation for cattle fed tropical forage and infrequently supplemented with protein
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different energy supplementation strategies in Nellore heifers fed tropical grass forage and infrequently supplemented with nitrogen (N) compounds on voluntary intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation and fibre dynamics, urinary excretion char-acteristics, N balance, and hormonal and blood metabolic profile. Five rumen and abomasum fistulated Nellore heifers, averaging 332 kg of body weight, were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The five treatments were: control, without supplementation; supplementation of 660 g of crude protein (CP) every 3 days; supplementation of 660 g of CP every 3 days and daily sup-plementation with 440 g of starch; supplementation of 660 g of CP and 1320 g of starch every 3 days; and supplementation of 660 g of CP and 1320 g of starch every 3 days, but starch sup-plementation was performed one day after CP supplementation. On average, treatments did not affect (P > 0.44) voluntary forage intake. However, the forage intake varied over the three-day supplementation cycle. Forage intake was depressed (P < 0.05) by protein supplementation alone on the first two days of the supplementation cycle, but increased on the third day. Only the concomitant supplementation with protein and starch caused a constant intake over the days. Ruminal fibre digestibility and the ruminal N balance were improved by supplementation (P < 0.05). A concomitant evaluation of serum urea N, rumen ammonia N, blood transaminases, and urinary excretion indicated that protein supplementation alone caused a hepatic N overload, which was improved when starch was concomitantly provided with protein. We concluded that infrequent protein supplementation causes negative impacts on hepatic metabolism and depresses voluntary forage intake, remarkably on the day the supplementation occurs. However, these negative effects on intake can be eliminated with adequate energy provision concomitantly with protein supplementation.
|
|
