| 1. |
- Dey, Debargha, et al.
(författare)
-
Color and Animation Preferences for a Light Band EHMI in Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we report user preferences regarding color and animation patterns to support the interaction between Automated Vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians through an external Human-Machine-Interface (eHMI). Existing concepts of eHMI differ – among other things – in their use of colors or animations to express an AV’s yielding intention. In the absence of empirical research, there is a knowledge gap regarding which color and animation leads to highest usability and preferences in traffic negotiation situations. We conducted an online survey (N=400) to investigate the comprehensibility of a light band eHMI with a combination of 5 color and 3 animation patterns for a yielding AV. Results show that cyan is considered a neutral color for communicating a yielding intention. Additionally, a uniformly flashing or pulsing animation is preferred compared to any pattern that animates sideways. These insights can contribute in the future design and standardization of eHMIs.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dey, Debargha, et al.
(författare)
-
Communicating the intention of an automated vehicle to pedestrians : The contributions of eHMI and vehicle behavior
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IT-Information Technology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1611-2776 .- 2196-7032. ; 63:2, s. 123-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) are expected to bridge the communication gap between an automated vehicle (AV) and pedestrians to replace the missing driver-pedestrian interaction. However, the relative impact of movement-based implicit communication and explicit communication with the aid of eHMIs on pedestrians has not been studied and empirically evaluated. In this study, we pit messages from an eHMI against different driving behaviors of an AV that yields to a pedestrian to understand whether pedestrians tend to pay more attention to the motion dynamics of the car or the eHMI in making road-crossing decisions. Our contributions are twofold: we investigate (1) whether the presence of eHMIs has any objective effect on pedestrians’ understanding of the vehicle’s intent, and (2) how the movement dynamics of the vehicle affect the perception of the vehicle intent and interact with the impact of an eHMI. Results show that (1) eHMIs help in convincing pedestrians of the vehicle’s yielding intention, particularly when the speed of the vehicle is slow enough to not be an obvious threat, but still fast enough to raise a doubt about a vehicle’s stopping intention, and (2) pedestrians do not blindly trust the eHMI: when the eHMI message and the vehicle’s movement pattern contradict, pedestrians fall back to movement-based cues. Our results imply that when explicit communication (eHMI) and implicit communication (motion-dynamics and kinematics) are in alignment and work in tandem, communication of the AV’s yielding intention can be facilitated most effectively. This insight can be useful in designing the optimal interaction between AVs and pedestrians from a user-centered design perspective when driver-centric communication is not available.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dey, Debargha, et al.
(författare)
-
Taming the eHMI jungle : A classification taxonomy to guide, compare, and assess the design principles of automated vehicles' external human-machine interfaces
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2590-1982. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity. To facilitate such interactions, researchers and designers have explored designs, and this line of work has yielded several concepts of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) for vehicles. Literature and media review reveals that the description of interfaces is often lacking in fidelity or details of their functionalities in specific situations, which makes it challenging to understand the originating concepts. There is also a lack of a universal understanding of the various dimensions of a communication interface, which has impeded a consistent and coherent addressal of the different aspects of the functionalities of such interface concepts. In this paper, we present a unified taxonomy that allows a systematic comparison of the eHMI across 18 dimensions, covering their physical characteristics and communication aspects from the perspective of human factors and human-machine interaction. We analyzed and coded 70 eHMI concepts according to this taxonomy to portray the state of the art and highlight the relative maturity of different contributions. The results point to a number of unexplored research areas that could inspire future work. Additionally, we believe that our proposed taxonomy can serve as a checklist for user interface designers and researchers when developing their interfaces. © 2020 The Authors
|
|
| 4. |
- Dey, Debargha, et al.
(författare)
-
Workshop on Methodology : Evaluating Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users—What Works in Practice?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450359474 ; , s. 17-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods and metrics for studying interactions between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity, such as pedestrians, cyclists and non-automated vehicles, are not established yet. This workshop focuses on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies that could potentially be used to study such interactions. The objective lies in determining the proper experimental design, sensitivity of metrics for measuring user behavior, ecological validity, generalizability of findings, extraction of insights regarding how findings can be translated into actionable requirements, and the alternatives for conducting longitudinal field studies. It will be of an interactive nature and involve hands-on activities. The workshop will consolidate existing knowledge, identify recurring issues, and explore the path towards resolving these issues. The outcome will be compiled into a paper to share this valuable knowledge with a broader research community.
|
|
| 5. |
- Löcken, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Accessible Automated Automotive Workshop Series (A3WS) : International Perspective on Inclusive External Human-Machine Interfaces
- 2022
-
Ingår i: AutomotiveUI '22. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fact that automated vehicles will be part of road traffic raises the question of how human road users, like bicyclists or pedestrians, would safely interact with them. Research has proposed external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) for automated vehicles as a potential solution. Concept prototypes and evaluations so far have mainly focused on young, healthy adults and people without disabilities, such as visual impairments. For a “one-for-all” holistic, inclusive solution, however, further target groups like children, seniors, or people with (other) special needs will have to be considered. In this workshop, we bring together researchers, experts, and practitioners working on eHMIs to broaden our perspective on inclusiveness. We aim to identify aspects of inclusive eHMI design that can be universal and tailored to any culture and will focus on discussing methods, tools, and scenarios for inclusive communication.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Löcken, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
WeCARe : Workshop on Inclusive Communication between Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Extended Abstracts - 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services: Expanding the Horizon of Mobile Interaction, MobileHCI 2020. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated vehicles are expected to become a part of the road traffic in the near future. This upcoming change raises concerns on how human road users, e.g., cyclists or pedestrians, would interact with them to ensure safe communication on the road. Previous work focused primarily on the scenario in which a young adult without impairments crosses a street in front of an automated vehicle. Several road user groups, such as children, seniors, or people with special needs, in roles of pedestrians and cyclists, are not considered in this scenario. On top of this, cultural differences are rarely considered. To ensure that future traffic is safe and accessible for all citizens, we aim to address inclusive communication between automated vehicles and vulnerable road users. In this workshop, we will discuss and exchange methods, tools, and scenarios applicable for inclusive communication, identify the most relevant research gaps, and connect people for future collaborations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Martelaro, Nikolas, et al.
(författare)
-
How to Manage Social Order in Shared Automated Vehicles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Adjunct Proceedings - 14th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 2022. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 201-203
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous shared ride vehicles may be prone to similar social issues and non-ideal passenger behaviors as today's public transit. Such issues may include passengers littering, harassing others, and creating an environment that is generally unpleasant for riders. Transportation user experience designers should preemptively consider such scenarios early in their design work to help develop possible interfaces to manage social order and maintain good rider experience. Through a short video prototype, we present three possible non-ideal scenarios that may occur on shared autonomous shuttles and provide three potential solutions to begin a discussion around how to design for such non-ideal situations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sahin, Hatice, et al.
(författare)
-
Workshop on Prosocial Behavior in Future Mixed Traffic
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Adjunct Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 167-170
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prosocial Behaviorĝmeans cooperating and acting in a way to benefit others. Since more and more diverse road users (such as electronic bicycles, scooters, etc.) but also vehicles at different levels of automation are sharing the safety-critical road environment, acting prosocial will become increasingly important in the future for both human and automated traffic participants. A few papers so far have already begun to address this issue, but currently, there exist no systematic methodological approaches to research this area. In the proposed workshop, we plan to define more specifically what characterizes prosocial behavior in future traffic scenarios where automated and manual vehicles meet and interact with all kinds of vulnerable road users. We further want to identify important scenarios and discuss potential evaluation methods for researching prosocial behavior. Ultimately, these findings will be integrated into a research agenda actively pursued by cooperation initiated during this event.
|
|
| 10. |
- Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing for social experiences with and within autonomous vehicles - exploring methodological directions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of autonomous vehicles (autonomous vehicles) will reshape the many social interactions that are part of traffic today. In order for autonomous vehicles to become successfully integrated, the social interactions surrounding them need to be purposefully designed. To ensure success and save development efforts, design methods that explore social aspects in early design phases are needed to provide conceptual directions before committing to concrete solutions. This paper contributes an exploration of methods for addressing the social aspects of autonomous vehicles in three key areas: the vehicle as a social entity in traffic, co-experience within the vehicle and the user-vehicle relationship. The methods explored include Wizard of Oz, small-scale scenarios, design metaphors, enactment and peer-to-peer interviews. These were applied in a workshop setting with 18 participants from academia and industry. The methods provided interesting design seeds, however with differing effectiveness. The most promising methods enabled flexible idea exploration, but in a contextualized and concrete manner through tangible objects and enactment to stage future use situations. Further, combinations of methods that enable a shift between social perspectives were preferred. Wizard of Oz and small-scale scenarios were found fruitful as collaboration basis for multidisciplinary teams, by establishing a united understanding of the problem at hand.
|
|
