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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Indirect land use changes of biofuel production - a review of modelling efforts and policy developments in the European Union
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of indirect land use changes (ILUC) caused by the promotion of transport biofuels has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on modelling work to estimate emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) caused by ILUC of biofuels. We also reviewed the development of ILUC policies in the EU. Our review of past modelling work revealed that most studies employ economic equilibrium modelling and focus on ethanol fuels, especially with maize as feedstock. It also revealed major variation in the results from the models, especially for biodiesel fuels. However, there has been some convergence of results over time, particularly for ethanol from maize, wheat and sugar cane. Our review of EU policy developments showed that the introduction of fuel-specific ILUC factors has been officially suggested by policymakers to deal with the ILUC of biofuels. The values proposed as ILUC factors in the policymaking process in the case of ethanol fuels are generally in line with the results of the latest modelling exercises, in particular for first-generation ethanol fuels from maize and sugar cane, while those for biodiesel fuels are somewhat higher. If the proposed values were introduced into EU policy, no (first-generation) biodiesel fuel would be able to comply with the EU GHG saving requirements. We identified a conflict between the demand from EU policymakers for exact, highly specific values and the capacity of the current models to supply results with that level of precision. We concluded that alternative policy approaches to ILUC factors should be further explored.
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| 8. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbara drivmedel - finns de?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vårt syfte med denna rapport är att diskutera drivmedel från ett brett perspektiv ur hållbarhetssynpunkt. Biodrivmedel och el analyseras och jämförs med fossila drivmedel. Vår målsättning är att försöka peka ut under vilka förutsättningar som drivmedel kan anses försvarbara ur hållbarhetssynpunkt och vilka system som vi bör utveckla respektive vilka system som vi bör undvika. En övergripande slutsats i studien är att man inte kan fastställa hur hållbara biodrivmedel blir i framtiden utan att samtidigt beakta skala och tillväxttakt. Dagens biodrivmedel i Sverige är hållbara utifrån den aktuella produktionsvolymen och gynnar utvecklingen av nya drivmedelssystem, men man bör ställa hårda krav på energi- och klimateffektivitet i hela bränslekedjan (från odling till tank) vid ökade produktionsvolymer. Det är av hög prioritet att utveckla bränslesnåla bilar och här kommer elhybridteknologin och elbilar att bli allt viktigare. En långsiktig strategi för biodrivmedel bör innehålla satsningar på teknologi både för termisk förgasning och biologiska omvandlingsmetoder för lignocellulosa eftersom detta är kompletterande lika mycket som konkurrerande teknologier samt ger större flexibilitet och mindre risk för konflikter. Biogas från restprodukter har stora miljöfördelar och kan expandera med liten risk för konflikter. Certifiering (rätt utformat) är ett viktigt och nödvändigt verktyg på vägen mot mer hållbara drivmedel och vid ökade produktionsvolymer, men dessa system ska inte överskattas då de aldrig kan innefatta alla hållbarhetskriterier. Socio-ekonomiska aspekter som arbetsförhållanden, lokal landsbygdsutveckling osv samt effekter av ökad markkonkurrens måste i första hand lösas med generella åtgärder som nationell lagstiftning, fördelningspolitik, program och planer som i sin tur bör stödjas av internationella avtal och utvecklingssamarbete på olika nivåer. Oavsett utvecklingen i Sverige eller EU så kommer biodrivmedelsproduktionen globalt att öka, framför allt i utvecklingsländerna. Det är därför viktigt att ta vara på den möjlighet vi har idag att medverka i utvecklingen och införandet av hållbarhetskriterier. Förnybara drivmedel kan, med rätt utformning och styrmedel för lämplig tillväxttakt och produktionsvolym, leda till en positiv och hållbar utveckling i både industri- och utvecklingsländer.
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| 9. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable vehicle fuels - do they exist?
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our aim with this report is to discuss vehicle fuels from a wide perspective of sustainability. Biofuels and electricity are analyzed and compared to fossil vehicle fuels. Our goal is to try to point out the circumstances under which vehicle fuels can be reasonably perceived as sustainable, and which systems we should develop and which we should avoid. The all-embracing conclusion of this study is that one can not establish how sustainable fuels will develop in the future without simultaneously taking into consideration both scale and pace of growth. Today’s biofuels produced in Sweden are sustainable, given the present production volume, and promote further development of new fuel systems. However, in the case of increased production volumes, exact requirements should be established for the energy- and climate efficiency of the entire fuel chain (from cultivation to tank). High priority should be given to the development of fuel-efficient cars. In this field hybrid electric technology and electric cars will grow in importance. Any long-term strategy for biofuels should include investments in technology for both thermal gasification and biological conversion methods of lignocellulose, since these are complementing as much as competing technologies, both increasing the flexibility as well as decreasing the risk of conflicts. Biogas from waste products has great environmental advantages and the sector can be expanded with only small risks of conflicts. Certification (if correctly formulated) is an important and necessary tool on the way towards more sustainable vehicle fuels and increased production volumes, but certification systems should not be overrated since they can not cover all sustainability aspects. Socio-economic aspects such as working conditions, local rural development etc. must be dealt with through general measures such as national laws, distribution policies, programs and plans, all of which should be supported by international agreements and cooperation on development at all levels. Irrespective of the development in Sweden or the EU, global production of biofuels will increase, not least in the developing countries. It is therefore important to exploit the opportunity we have today to participate in the development and implementation of sustainability criteria. Renewable vehicle fuels can lead to a positive as well as sustainable development in both industrialized and developing countries, when the framing and guidance for an adequate pace of growth and production volumes are given.
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| 10. |
- di Lucia, Lorenzo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Decision-making fitness of methods to understand Sustainable Development Goal interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 5:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integrated nature of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presents a challenge to implementing the 2030 Agenda. Analytical methods to support decision-makers are often developed without explicitly incorporating decision-makers’ views and experience. Here, we investigate whether existing methods are fit-for-purpose in supporting decision-makers at national and subnational levels. We identify prominent methods for SDG interaction analysis, which we then evaluate by engaging directly (via a survey and interviews) with method developers and decision-makers in Sweden. We find that decision-makers prioritize methods that are simple and flexible to apply and able to provide directly actionable and understandable results. They are less concerned with the accuracy, precision, completeness or quantitative nature of the knowledge. Prominent categories of methods include self-assessment, expert judgement, literature-based, statistical analyses and modelling. Interviewed decision-makers consider these methods in line with the features prioritized in the survey but highlight low performance on features they value highly, such as the extent to which results are actionable and overall ease of use. Methods developers have limited awareness of decision-makers’ priorities and requirements, so hindering methodological advancement. They should focus on the practical value of applications to support decision-makers, resource-constrained organizations and those seeking to evaluate multiple cases.
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