| 1. |
- Kemppinen, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography
- 2024
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Ingår i: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 33:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next.Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeographyWe highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles.Microclimate applications in ecosystem managementMicroclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity.Methods for microclimate scienceWe showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field.What's next?We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management.
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| 2. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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Base de datos de abejas ibéricas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosistemas. - 1132-6344. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares.
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| 3. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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Cephalonomia Westwood 1833 (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae): primer registre d’aquest gènere de vespes d’interès sanitari a Balears
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears. - 0212-260X .- 2444-8192. ; 65, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Es notifica per primera vegada la presència del gènere Cephalonomia Westwood 1833 a Balears. Es tracta de petites vespes paràsites de larves de coleòpter que poden comportar un risc potencial per a la salut humana. Les picades d’aquestes vespes són doloroses i poden produir reaccions al·lèrgiques severes a algunes persones. Es presenta també un llistat de totes les espècies de la família Bethylidae enregistrades a Balears fins ara.
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| 4. |
- Díaz-Calafat, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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From broadleaves to conifers : The effect of tree composition and density on understory microclimate across latitudes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - 0168-1923 .- 1873-2240. ; 341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest canopies buffer the macroclimate and thus play an important role in mitigating climate-warming impacts on forest ecosystems. Despite the importance of the tree layer for understory microclimate buffering, our knowledge about the effects of forest structure, composition and their interactions with macroclimate is limited, especially in mixtures of conifers and broadleaves. Here we studied five mixed forest stands along a 1800 km latitudinal gradient covering a 7°C span in mean annual temperature. In each of these forests we established 40 plots (200 in total), in which air and soil temperatures were measured continuously for at least one year. The plots were located across gradients of forest density and broadleaved proportions (i.e. from open to closed canopies, and from 100% conifer to 100% broadleaved tree dominance). Air minimum, mean and maximum temperature offsets (i.e. difference between macroclimate and microclimate) and soil mean temperature offsets were calculated for the coldest and warmest months. Forest structure, and especially forest density, was the key determinant of understory temperatures. However, the absolute and relative importance of the proportion of broadleaves and forest density differed largely between response variables. Forest density ranged from being independent of, to interacting with, tree species composition. The effect of these two variables was independent of the macroclimate along our latitudinal gradient. Temperature, precipitation, snow depth and wind outside forests affected understory temperature buffering. Finally, we found that the scale at which the overstory affects soil microclimate approximated 6-7 m, whereas for air microclimate this was at least 10 m. These findings have implications for biodiversity conservation and forest management in a changing climate, as they facilitate the projection of understory temperatures in scenarios where both forest structure and macroclimate are dynamic. This is especially relevant given the global importance of ongoing forest conversion from conifers to broadleaves, and vice versa.
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| 5. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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On the road: Anthropogenic factors drive the invasion risk of a wild solitary bee species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex biotic networks of invaders and their new environments pose immense challenges for researchers aiming to predict current and future occupancy of introduced species. This might be especially true for invasive bees, as they enter novel trophic interactions. Little attention has been paid to solitary, invasive wild bees, despite their increasing recognition as a potential global threat to biodiversity. Here, we present the first comprehensive species distribution modelling approach targeting the invasive bee Megachile sculpturalis, which is currently undergoing parallel range expansion in North America and Europe. While the species has largely colonised the most highly suitable areas of North America over the past decades, its invasion of Europe seems to be in its early stages. We showed that its current distribution is largely explained by anthropogenic factors, suggesting that its spread is facilitated by road and maritime traffic, largely beyond its intrinsic dispersal ability. Our results suggest that M. sculpturalis is likely to be negatively affected by future climate change in North America, while in Europe the potential suitable areas at-risk of invasion remain equally large. Based on our study, we emphasise the role of expert knowledge for evaluation of ecologically meaningful variables implemented and interpreted for species distribution modelling. We strongly recommend that the monitoring of this and other invasive pollinator species should be prioritised in areas identified as at-risk, alongside development of effective management strategies.
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| 6. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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Primera cita de Latibulus orientalis Horstmann 1987 en Europa continental (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nemus. - 1697-2694 .- 2386-3803. ; , s. 322-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- El género Latibulus Gistel, 1848 agrupa a diversas especies de avispas que parasitan véspidos sociales, sobre todo del género Polistes Latreille, 1802. En el presente trabajo se documenta por primera vez en Europa continental la presencia de Latibulus orientalis Horstmann, 1987 a partir de un individuo fotografiado en el parque regional el Valle y Carrascoy (Murcia, sur de Iberia). Dicho individuo se encontró en un campo de cultivo, inspeccionando nidos de Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791), especie potencialmente hospedadora. En este trabajo comparamos las formas estivales y primaverales de las tres especies de Latibulus presentes en Europa, apuntamos la posibilidad de que en Iberia L. orientalis sea una especie introducida, y dentro de esa hipótesis discutimos las posibles vías de entrada.
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| 7. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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Sobre la presència de Camponotus barbaricus Emery 1905 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a Mallorca
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears. - 0212-260X .- 2444-8192. ; 65, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Es detecta per primer cop Camponotus barbaricus Emery 1905 a dues localitats a l’illa de Mallorca. Fins ara desconeguda, aquesta espècie de formiga passa a ser la més grossa de tota la nostra fauna. Seria estrany que una formiga d’aquestes dimensions i de comportament agressiu cap a altres artròpodes s’hagi passat per alt fins ara. Per això, sembla que la possibilitat d’una introducció recent és la més probable, tot i que no es pot descartar completament que aquesta espècie sigui en realitat autòctona de l’arxipèlag Balear.
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| 8. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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The alien Black-and-yellow Mud Dauber, Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), continues its spread: new citizen-science records from Eastern Europe and the Balkans
- 2022
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Ingår i: Check list. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1809-127X. ; 18, s. 535-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nearctic Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) is widely distributed in the Western Palearctic and is spreading to new territories. Despite the large quantities of data on citizen-science platforms, these records have been mostly overlooked. In this publication, the first records of S. caementarium from six Eastern European and Balkan countries (Albania, Greece, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, and Slovakia) are presented. Data derived from online citizen-science observations and museum specimens supplement our knowledge of this species’ range. The distribution of this species in Europe and possible ecological implications are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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The Asian giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae), a new exotic species for the bee fauna of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Apicultural Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-8839 .- 2078-6913. ; 60, s. 506-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 is found for the first time on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). This is the first time that this exotic bee is reported from an island and is the southernmost record in Europe so far. Specimens were found in five distant locations throughout the island, which points out the current broad distribution of this species within the island and suggests that the introduction of M. sculpturalis may have happened earlier than 2020 and went unnoticed. M. sculpturalis females were found mainly feeding and collecting pollen from Sophora japonica L. 1767 (= Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott 1830) and Parkinsonia aculeata L. 1753, two exotic ornamental trees. Potential entry means and impacts of this exotic bee on local biodiversity are discussed. Island ecosystems are highly vulnerable to the negative impacts produced by exotic species. Judging from the evidence of negative effects described in the literature so far, we recommend that the invasive potential and the impact of this species on native plants and pollinators within the insular context of the Balearic Islands be addressed in the future.
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| 10. |
- Diaz Calafat, Joan
(författare)
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The role of adult noctuid moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their food plants in a nocturnal pollen-transport network on a Mediterranean island
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 26, s. 243-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noctuidae belong to one of the largest families of night-flying Lepidoptera. However, despite being among the most common nocturnal flower-visitors, they have seldom been included in pollination networks. Similarly, the current knowledge on food plants used by adults is rather scarce. In this article, we build the first moth-plant pollen transfer network in the Balearic archipelago. We aim to increase the knowledge of which plants are used as food resources by adult Noctuidae, assess how specific or generalist nocturnal pollinators and their food plants are and establish the first baseline information on adult Noctuidae-plant interactions on the archipelago and the Mediterranean. 20.7% of the adult Noctuidae in our samplings carried pollen and were therefore potentially involved in nocturnal pollination. The family Ericaceae, and especially Arbutus unedo, was a key food resource for our moth community, with 46% of the total recorded interactions belonging to this plant. Overall, both plants and moths in our system behaved in a generalist way. Niche overlap was larger in moths than in plants, suggesting that the functional role that moth species take in our system is more redundant than that taken by plants. Robustness values suggest that the network functionality would not collapse despite the extinction of a few species. Implications for insect conservation Detecting flower preferences and the role of nocturnal insects on pollination will allow understanding of ecosystem functionality and will be crucial for conservation of both moths and organisms that depend on them.
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