| 1. |
- Isnard, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected Cell Wall Alteration-Mediated Bactericidal Activity of the Antifungal Caspofungin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium
- 2020
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 64:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterococcus faecium has become a major opportunistic pathogen with the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). As part of the gut microbiota, they have to cope with numerous stresses, including effects of antibiotics and other xenobiotics, especially in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) who receive many medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the most frequently prescribed xenobiotics for ICU patients on fitness, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance of the vanB-positive E. faecium Aus0004 reference strain. Several phenotypic analyses were carried out, and we observed that caspofungin, an antifungal agent belonging to the family of echinocandins, had an important effect on E. faecium growth in vitro. We confirmed this effect by electron microscopy and peptidoglycan analysis and showed that, even at a subinhibitory concentration (1/4x MIC, 8 mg/liter), caspofungin had an impact on cell wall organization, especially with respect to the abundance of some muropeptide precursors. By transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), it was also shown that around 20% of the transcriptome was altered in the presence of caspofungin, with 321 and 259 significantly upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Since the fungal target of caspofungin (i.e., beta-1,3-glucan synthase) was absent in bacteria, the mechanistic pathway of caspofungin activity was investigated. The repression of genes involved in the metabolism of pyruvate seemed to have a drastic impact on bacterial cell viability, while a decrease of glycerol metabolism could explain the conformational modifications of peptidoglycan. This is the first report of caspofungin antibacterial activity against E. faecium, highlighting the potential impact of nonantibiotic xenobiotics against bacterial pathogens.
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| 2. |
- Mewton, Nathan, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and design of the Cyclosporine to ImpRove Clinical oUtcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients (the CIRCUS trial)
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6744 .- 0002-8703. ; 169:6, s. 6-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion contribute to cardiomyocyte death in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The final infarct size is the principal determinant of subsequent clinical outcome in STEMI patients. In a proof-of-concept phase II trial, the administration of cyclosporine prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has been associated with a reduction of infarct size in STEMI patients. Methods CIRCUS is an international, prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The study is designed to compare the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine versus placebo, in addition to revascularization by PPCI, in patients presenting with acute anterior myocardial infarction within 12 hours of symptoms onset and initial TIMI flow <= 1 in the culprit left anterior descending coronary artery. Patients are randomized in a 1: 1 fashion to 2.5 mg/kg intravenous infusion of cyclosporine or matching placebo performed in theminutes preceding PCI. The primary efficacy end point of CIRCUS is a composite of 1-year all-cause mortality, rehospitalization for heart failure or heart failure worsening during initial hospitalization, and left ventricular adverse remodeling as determined by sequential transthoracic echochardiography. Secondary outcomes will be tested using a hierarchical sequence of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and absolute measurements of LV volumes. The composite of death and rehospitalization for heart failure or heart failure worsening during initial hospitalization will be further assessed at three years after the initial infarction. Results Recruitment lasted from April 2011 to February 2014. The CIRCUS trial has recruited 975 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. The 12-months results are expected to be available in 2015. Conclusions The CIRCUS trial is testing the hypothesis that cyclosporine in addition to early revascularization with PPCI compared to placebo in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of death, heart failure and adverse LV remodeling at one-year follow-up.
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| 3. |
- Abend, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Terrestrial very-long-baseline atom interferometry : Workshop summary
- 2024
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Ingår i: AVS Quantum Science. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2639-0213. ; 6:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more kilometer--scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions.
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| 4. |
- Aurelle, Didier, et al.
(författare)
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On the specific status of eastern Mediterranean Dendrophyllia corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): Genetic characterization and speciation scenarios
- 2024
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 53:2, s. 235-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deep-sea corals Dendrophyllia ramea and Dendrophyllia cornigera occur in Mediterranean and Atlantic waters. Both species are found in different environmental conditions, and they can colonize hard and soft substrates. These species then display an important ecological plasticity along with morphological plasticity. Nevertheless, there is a large knowledge gap on the genetic characteristics of the two species, including on the relationships between them and the possibility of cryptic species along their range. The recent discovery of Dendrophyllia populations off Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean Sea raised new questions in this context. These corals were related to D. ramea but had some morphological differences with other known populations of this species. Here, we study the specific status of Dendrophyllia corals from Cyprus on the basis of morphology and genetics. The genetic data are interpreted by comparison with the same analysis performed on two Caryophyllia species. Both morphological and genetic data confirm that corals found off Cyprus belong to the D. ramea species. We further tested the speciation scenario using transcriptome data: the results indicate an absence of current gene flow between D. ramea and D. cornigera and that the divergence occurred more than 3 million years ago. We discuss the possible historical and ecological factors which may have shaped speciation in these species.
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| 5. |
- Bulidon, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen production through aluminium corrosion in a cement-based matrix
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 74:11-12, s. 1765-1776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In France, deep geological disposal is considered for the storage of high and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive wastes. For aluminium, the possibility to encapsulate the wastes in a cement-based matrix is studied. However, cement being an alkaline environment, aluminium can lose its passivity, starts to corrode leading to hydrogen evolution in the infrastructures and generate a possible explosive hazard after decades of storage if hydrogen can accumulate somewhere in the facility. It is therefore necessary to study the corrosion behaviour of aluminium in the different cements considered for the encapsulation to estimate the possible amount of hydrogen that could be generated through corrosion and design the cement capsules accordingly. This work mainly focused on the reaction occurring at the aluminium-cement interface. Raman spectroscopy did not highlight significant differences in the nature of the corrosion products forming at the cement/aluminium interface, leading to the conclusion that it is not the chemistry of the cement that is the key factor controlling the corrosion rate but rather the physical properties of the cement matrix.
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| 6. |
- Bulidon, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of P285NH and API 5L X65 steel grades in the high-level radioactive waste repository cell concept
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; :1-2, s. 154-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2014, the concept developed for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the French deep geological repository project Cigéo includes a cement-based grout material. This cement-based grout material will be injected between the casing and the claystone to neutralize the potential acidity resulting from the claystone oxidation induced by the drilling process of the disposal cell. In these conditions of pH (around 10.5) and temperature (90°C, maximum expected during the disposal), the metallic materials could be sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In this project, different environments (aerated or deaerated, at room temperature or at 90°C) and synthetic solutions are considered to reproduce the different periods expected during the long life repository. The project is based on electrochemical measurements (polarization curves to define the SCC critical domain of potentials), slow strain rate tensile tests, and long-term immersion for crack initiation and propagation tests.
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| 7. |
- Delrez, Laetitia, et al.
(författare)
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Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth nu(2) Lupi d with CHEOPS
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; :5, s. 775-787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. nu(2) Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring(1). The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit(2), prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 +/- 0.09 R-circle plus and 8.82 +/- 0.94 M-circle plus, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (similar to 5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), nu(2) Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen-helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the nu(2) Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.
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| 8. |
- Escott-Price, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Wide Analysis Detects Two New Susceptibility Genes for Alzheimer's Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e94661-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal Findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4x10(-6)) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9x10(-8)) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 9. |
- Foultier, Christophe, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Itinéraires résidentiels en habitat indigne et exclusion sociale : Les processus sociaux qui font obstacles à l'action contre l'habitat indigne
- 2006
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Ingår i: Recherche sociale. - Paris, France : Fondation pour la Recherche Sociale (FORS). - 0034-124X. ; 180, s. 5-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Le texte qui est présenté dans ce numéro est une reprise de l'étude réalisée par le cabinet FORS à la demande du Ministère de l'emploi, de la Cohésion sociale et du Logement, sur les itinéraires résidentiels en habitat indigne. Cette étude visait d'une part, à décrire et à analyser les itinéraires résidentiels des ménages logés dans un logement indigne afin de comprendre les mécanismes qui les amènent à entrer et à rester dans ce parc, ainsi que les mécanismes qui font exister et perdurer ce parc. D'autre part, elle avait pour objectif d'analyser les dispositifs de relogement mis en place depuis quelques années, pour les sorties d'insalubrité notamment (accompagnement des ménages, résultats produits, difficultés rencontrées) afin d'en saisir les effets sur les itinéraires des ménages et d'identifier les blocages éventuels. Pour mener l'enquête, dix terrains d'étude ont été retenus de manière à représenter une diversité de situations d'habitat indigne et des entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de ménages, d'acteurs locaux et de partenaires institutionnels. Dans une première partie, l'étude analyse les parcours des ménages rencontrés. Puis, dans une seconde partie, elle présente la typologie des parcours résidentiels qui a pu être définie, sous la forme de sept monographies (formes d'habitat indigne rencontrées, profils des ménages qui y sont logés, dispositifs mis en oeuvre à l'heure actuelle et éléments de bilan de ces dispositifs). Enfin, la troisième partie propose une synthèse des freins et des obstacles évoqués par l'ensemble des acteurs rencontrés sur le terrain, dans la mise en oeuvre des dispositifs de lutte contre l'habitat indigne. Il ne s'agit pas d'une analyse approfondie de l'efficacité et des limites des dispositifs, mais bien d'une synthèse des paroles d'acteurs confrontés aux réalités du terrain.
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| 10. |
- Foultier, Christophe, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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MOBILITÉ URBAINE POUR TOUS
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ce rapport, qui a été commandé par la Délégation Interministerielle à la Ville (DIV) et la Direction des transports terrestres (DTT), présente et analyse des projets de transport visant à favoriser l'insertion sociale, culturelle et économique de groupes sociaux vulnérables et/ou exclus. Il fait en particulier apparaitre les éléements contextuels liés au projet ainsi que les principaux support de dévelopement. Ce rapport a été réalisé sur la base d'entretiens qualitatifs et de documents publics.
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