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Sökning: WFRF:(Digby P.J.)

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  • Needham, E. J., et al. (författare)
  • Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 145:11, s. 4097-4107
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demonstrated elevations of NfL and GFAP in a severity-dependent manner, with evidence of ongoing active brain injury at follow-up 4 months later. These biomarkers were associated with elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies to a large number of different antigens. Autoantibodies were commonly seen against lung surfactant proteins but also brain proteins such as myelin associated glycoprotein. Commensurate findings were seen in the influenza cohort. A distinct process characterized by elevation of serum total tau was seen in patients at follow-up, which appeared to be independent of initial disease severity and was not associated with dysregulated immune responses unlike NfL and GFAP. These results demonstrate that brain injury is a common consequence of both COVID-19 and influenza, and is therefore likely to be a feature of severe viral infection more broadly. The brain injury occurs in the context of dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, with no single pathogenic mechanism clearly responsible. Needham et al. reveal elevations in blood biomarkers of brain injury in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The changes, which were severity-dependent, were associated with dysregulated immune responses including increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies. Ongoing active brain injury could still be seen months after infection.
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3.
  • Tan, X.C., et al. (författare)
  • Buckling of drill string under the action of gravity and axial thrust
  • 1993
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Solids and Structures. - 0020-7683 .- 1879-2146. ; 30:19, s. 2675-2691
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A number of different equilibrium helical buckling configurations for a tubing or drill string confined within a cylindrical casing or hole of larger radius and buckled under static compressive forces are determined. Our work is more general and informative than earlier work since the solutions relating the buckling load and the postbuckling configuration are given explicitly for the string of weight and at any inclined positions. A consideration of the state of transient string buckling when the string undergoes sudden change in the helix radius and might lose contact with the hole wall is also proposed.
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