| 1. |
- Aler Tubella, Andrea, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Governance by glass-box : implementing transparent moral bounds for AI behaviour
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. - California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization. ; , s. 5787-5793
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are being used to predict and assess behaviour in multiple domains which directly affect human well-being. However, if AI is to improve people’s lives, then people must be able to trust it, by being able to understand what the system is doing and why. Although transparency is often seen as the requirementin this case, realistically it might not always be possible, whereas the need to ensure that the system operates within set moral bounds remains.In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the moral bounds of an AI system based on the monitoring of its inputs and outputs. We place a ‘Glass-Box’ around the system by mapping moral values into explicit verifiable norms that constrain inputs and outputs, in such a way that if these remain within the box we can guarantee that the system adheres to the value. The focus on inputs and outputs allows for the verification and comparison of vastly different intelligent systems; from deep neural networks to agent-based systems.The explicit transformation of abstract moral values into concrete norms brings great benefits interms of explainability; stakeholders know exactly how the system is interpreting and employing relevant abstract moral human values and calibrate their trust accordingly. Moreover, by operating at a higher level we can check the compliance of the system with different interpretations of the same value.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Clodic, Aurélie, et al.
(författare)
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On the Pertinence of Social Practices for Social Robotics
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Research Conference Robophilosophy 2018, Vienna, Austria, February 14-17, 2018. - : IOS Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the area of consumer robots that need to have rich social interactions with humans, one of the challenges is the complexity of computing the appropriate interactions in a cognitive, social and physical context. We propose a novel approach for social robots based on the concept of Social Practices. By using social practices robots are able to be aware of their own social identities (given by the role in the social practice) and the identities of others and also be able to identify the different social contexts and the appropriate social interactions that go along with those contexts and identities.
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| 4. |
- Dignum, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the Combined Health, Social and Economic Impacts of the Corovanvirus Pandemic Using Agent-Based Social Simulation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Minds and Machines. - : Springer. - 0924-6495 .- 1572-8641. ; 30:2, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 crisis there have been many difficult decisions governments and other decision makers had to make. E.g. do we go for a total lock down or keep schools open? How many people and which people should be tested? Although there are many good models from e.g. epidemiologists on the spread of the virus under certain conditions, these models do not directly translate into the interventions that can be taken by government. Neither can these models contribute to understand the economic and/or social consequences of the interventions. However, effective and sustainable solutions need to take into account this combination of factors. In this paper, we propose an agent-based social simulation tool, ASSOCC, that supports decision makers understand possible consequences of policy interventions, but exploring the combined social, health and economic consequences of these interventions.
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| 5. |
- Dignum, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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How to center AI on humans
- 2020
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Ingår i: NeHuAI 2020. First International Workshop on New Foundations for Human-Centered AI. ; , s. 59-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this position paper we investigate what it means for AI to be human-centered. Although many organisations and researchers by now have given requirements for human-centeredness, such as: transparancy, respect for human autonomy, fairness and accountability, this does little to indicate how the AI techniques should be designed in order to be human-centered. In this paper we argue that human-centered AI involves a shift from AI emulating intelligent human tasks, to emulating human intelligence such that we capture enough social intelligence in order for the AI system to be able to center its activity and reasoning on its human users.
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| 6. |
- Dignum, Virginia, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Agents are dead. Long live agents!
- 2020
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Ingår i: AAMAS '20. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450375184 ; , s. 1701-1705
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the future of agent research has often been discussed. Most prominent is the issue whether agents should be seen as a conceptual framework or as a software development paradigm. At the same time, developments on AI seem to have taken the field into a new direction. In this paper we argue that in order for agents research to create added value for actual, real problems in the world we need to reconsider possible agent architectures and their strengths and weaknesses, their overlaps and commonalities. Finally we present a first sketch of an architecture for such agents.
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| 7. |
- Dignum, Virginia, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Values for Social Robot Architectures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Envisioning Robots in Society. - : IOS Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of social robots in human societies requires that they are capable to take decisions that may affect the lives of people around them. In order to ensure that these robots will behave according to shared ethical principles, an important shift in the design and development of social robots is needed, one where the main goal is improving ethical transparency rather than technical performance, and placing human values at the core of robot designs. In this abstract, we discuss the concept of ethical decision making and how to achieve trust according to the principles of Autonomy, Responsibility and Transparency (ART).
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| 8. |
- Dignum, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines : establishing guidelines
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into a prominent player in various academic disciplines, transforming research approaches and knowledge generation. This paper explores the growing influence of AI across diverse fields and advocates for meaningful interdisciplinary AI research. It introduces the concept of "agonistic-antagonistic" interdisciplinary research, emphasizing a departure from conventional bridge-building approaches. Motivated by the need to address complex societal challenges, the paper calls for novel evaluation mechanisms that prioritize societal impact over traditional academic metrics. It stresses the importance of collaboration, challenging current systems that prioritize competition and individual excellence. The paper offers guiding principles for creating collaborative and co-productive interdisciplinary AI research environments, welcoming researchers to engage in discussions and contribute to the future of interdisciplinary AI research.
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| 9. |
- Kreulen, Kurt, et al.
(författare)
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How culture influences individual behavior during a pandemic : a social simulation of the COVID-19 crisis
- 2022
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Ingår i: JASSS. - : University of Surrey. - 1460-7425. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its first appearance in Wuhan (China), countries have been employing, to varying degrees of success, a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within their populations. In this article, we build on scientific work that demonstrates that culture is part of the explanation for the observed variability between countries in their ability to effectively control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We present a theoretical framework of how culture influences decision-making at the level of the individual. This conceptualization is formalized in an agent-based model that simulates how cultural factors can combine to produce differences across populations in terms of the behavioral responses of individuals to the COVID-19 crisis. We illustrate that, within our simulated environment, the culturally-dependent willingness of people to comply with public health related measures might constitute an important determinant of differences in infection dynamics across populations. Our model generates the highest rates of non-compliance within cultures marked as individualist, progressive and egalitarian. Our model illustrates the potential role of culture as a population-level predictor of infections associated with COVID-19. In doing so, the model, and theoretical framework on which it is based, may inform future studies aimed at incorporating the effect of culture on individual decision-making processes during a pandemic within social simulation models.
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| 10. |
- Larsen, John Bruntse, et al.
(författare)
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Querying Social Practices in Hospital Context
- 2018
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Ingår i: 10th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the social contexts in which actions and interactions take place is of utmost importance for planning one’s goals and activities. People use social practices as means to make sense of their environment, assessing how that context relates to past, common experiences, culture and capabilities. Social practices can therefore simplify deliberation and planning in complex contexts. In the context of patient-centered planning, hospitals seek means to ensure that patients and their families are at the center of decisions and planning of the healthcare processes. This requires on one hand that patients are aware of the practices being in place at the hospital and on the other hand that hospitals have the means to evaluate and adapt current practices to the needs of the patients. In this paper we apply a framework for formalizing social practices of an organization to an emergency department that carries out patient-centered planning. We indicate how such a formalization
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