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- Basner, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of bedroom PM2.5, CO2, temperature, humidity, and noise with sleep: An observational actigraphy study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sleep Health. - 2352-7218 .- 2352-7226. ; 9:3, s. 253-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Climate change and urbanization increasingly cause extreme conditions hazardous to health. The bedroom environment plays a key role for high-quality sleep. Studies objectively assessing multiple descriptors of the bedroom environment as well as sleep are scarce. Methods Particulate matter with a particle size <2.5 µm (PM2.5), temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), barometric pressure, and noise levels were continuously measured for 14 consecutive days in the bedroom of 62 participants (62.9% female, mean ± SD age: 47.7 ± 13.2 years) who wore a wrist actigraph and completed daily morning surveys and sleep logs. Results In a hierarchical mixed effect model that included all environmental variables and adjusted for elapsed sleep time and multiple demographic and behavioral variables, sleep efficiency calculated for consecutive 1-hour periods decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing levels of PM2.5, temperature, CO2, and noise. Sleep efficiency in the highest exposure quintiles was 3.2% (PM2.5, p < .05), 3.4% (temperature, p < .05), 4.0% (CO2, p < .01), and 4.7% (noise, p < .0001) lower compared to the lowest exposure quintiles (all p-values adjusted for multiple testing). Barometric pressure and humidity were not associated with sleep efficiency. Bedroom humidity was associated with subjectively assessed sleepiness and poor sleep quality (both p < .05), but otherwise environmental variables were not statistically significantly associated with actigraphically assessed total sleep time and wake after sleep onset or with subjectively assessed sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and sleepiness. Assessments of bedroom comfort suggest subjective habituation irrespective of exposure levels. Conclusions These findings add to a growing body of evidence highlighting the importance of the bedroom environment—beyond the mattress—for high-quality sleep.
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| 2. |
- RODENSTEIN, DANIEL, et al.
(författare)
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Driving in Europe: the need of a common policy for drivers with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of sleep research. - : Wiley. - 1365-2869 .- 0962-1105. ; 17:3, s. 281-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) increases the risk of motor vehicle crashes, and of all medical disorders, has greatest risk in this respect. There is no consistency in the way OSA is considered by the national 'Physical Fitness to Drive' legislations within the 27 member countries of the European Union (EU), and most ignore OSA. This is further reflected by the absence of any reference to OSA in Annex III of the Directive 91/439/EEC, harmonizing Driving License regulations in the EU. A recent meeting brought together experts from several European and other countries, together with a representative of the European Commission. They discussed the best way to design and implement a uniform policy within Europe, for OSA and driving. It was agreed that: (i) other forms of pathological sleepiness be included, (ii) it covers both private and professional drivers, (iii) police accident report forms should explicitly consider sleepiness as a potential cause, (iv) sleep-wake education should be incorporated into the mandatory program of continuous education for professional drivers, ideally from 2010, (v) driver screening methods should contain questions on sleepiness at the wheel, habitual snoring and witnessed apneas during sleep, as well as the Epworth Sleepiness Score and Body Mass Index and (vi) following effective and efficient treatment, patients should be permitted to drive. In the light of medical, scientific and technical progress, EU procedures exist to enable the rapid modification of existing legislation. If such a procedure could be enacted for these aspects of driver sleepiness, then roads would be safer for 400 million people.
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