| 1. |
- Alev, Uellar, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor hygrothermal condition and user satisfaction in naturally ventilated historic houses in temperate humid continental climate around the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Architectural Science Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-8628 .- 1758-9622. ; 59:1, s. 53-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor climate and user satisfaction were analysed by field measurement and a questionnaire in 67 traditional rural houses in Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Our findings showed that the indoor climate in all the investigated historic rural houses needs improvement. The room temperature was mainly too low during winter. Leaky houses had also a larger vertical temperature difference. The relative humidity in the unheated and periodically heated houses was high during winter and caused risk for mould growth in 17% of all houses and 33% of unheated houses. Significant differences of indoor humidity loads in different houses were revealed depending on the living density and usage profile. During the winter period, the design value of moisture excess was 4-5g/m(3) and the average moisture load was 2-3.5g/m(3). The indoor humidity load in historic houses was similar to that in modern houses. The results of the questionnaire showed that main problems were related to unstable or too low temperatures. At the same time, inhabitants rated the overall indoor climate as healthy and no statistically important relations were found between average indoor temperature and complaints about too cold or too warm indoor temperatures.
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| 2. |
- Alev, Ullar, et al.
(författare)
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Renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in the Baltic Sea region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 77, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in three countries (Estonia, Finland, Sweden) in the Baltic Sea region (cold climate). The study was conducted by a combination of field measurements and simulations. Indoor climate, typical houses and structures as well as the current condition and need for renovation were determined by field measurements. Based on field measurements, indoor climate and energy simulation models were validated and used to calculate energy use for different renovation measures. Energy renovation packages were calculated for different scenarios (minimal influence on the appearance of the house, improvement of thermal comfort, improvement of building service systems) for different energy saving levels. The analysis showed that the improvement of building service systems and the energy source holds the largest energy saving potential. The building envelope of old rural houses needs improvement also due to high thermal transmittance and air leakage. The insulation of the external wall has the largest single energy saving potential of the building's envelope. The results show how energy savings depend on energy saving targets, typology of the building, thermal transmittance of original structures, and building service systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Performance Certificates and Historic Apartment Buildings : A Method to Encourage User Participation and Sustainability in the Refurbishment Process
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Historic Environment. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1756-7505 .- 1756-7513. ; 10:2, s. 224-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents and discusses the challenges of refurbishing historic apartment buildings by correlating findings from research projects LEAF and CulClim. Our aim is to shed light on how residents can partake in and optimise the refurbishment process after energy performance certificates (EPC) have been conducted. The background is that historic apartment buildings are generally more complex than single family buildings with respect to the energy efficiency process as they often have multiple owners with different priorities. The case studies from Norway and Sweden have conceptually contrasting energy performance certificate (EPC) systems. Identified advantages and shortcomings concerning both systems are discussed. In Sweden, the restrained recommendation of measures can lead to national mitigation targets not being realised. In Norway, excessive and unqualified recommendations risk reducing the cultural heritage values of the existing building stock as well as having a negative environmental impact on greenhouse gas emissions. A bottom-up approach incorporating the resident's objectives is presented and discussed. Results suggest that improved EPC-systems and a broadened procedural approach to decision making will ease the process and improve the outcome of the refurbishment with respect to both energy and heritage aspects.
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| 4. |
- Broström, Tor, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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For the categorisation of historic buildings to determine energy saving
- 2017
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Ingår i: AGATHON International Journal of Architecture, Art and Design. - 2464-9309. ; 1, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technical characteristics and cultural values affect the possibility of saving energy in the historic building stock. The issue has been addressed and studied in monumental buildings. For the majority of historic buildings, defined in this research as traditional constructions built before 1945 when the building sector became more industrialised, there is still a need for further studies. In order to study a large building stock it is necessary to make generalisations. To break down the stock into a few statistically representative categories is one way of doing that.The aim of this article is to present the development of a method to categorise a historic building stock with the ability to identify the potential for energy saving and preservation of cultural values. By studying building categories and typical buildings in detail the results can be extrapolated to represent a large building stock.The method for categorisation is done in three steps: building inventory, categorisation and selection of typical buildings. The inventory is when data on the building stock is gathered and compiled. This is necessary in order to have a sound statistical basis for the following steps of the method. The categorisation is done by dividing the buildings in groups based on their basic characteristics; for example size and number of adjoining walls. A delimitation is done, if necessary, in order to exclude atypical buildings.Typical buildings from each category are then selected by letting the medium values within the categories decide the characteristics of the typical buildings. Other characteristics such as age, use, construction type etc. can be determined for the typical buildings and motivated statistically based on the data in the inventory.A case study has been carried out on the historic building stock in the town Visby in Sweden, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. When applying the method for categorisation on the buildings built before 1945 in Visby the results show that 70 % of the buildings’ volume is represented by 87 % of the buildings. The study shows that it is possible to generalise some aspects even in a relatively richly nuanced building stock by letting the basic characteristics constitute the first common denominators in a categorisation.The result of the categorisation facilitates the identification of representative typical buildings that can be used for energy modelling. The six groups of typical buildings identified in Visby are presented at the end of the article.This study has been conducted within the multi-disciplinary projects Potential and policies for energy efficiency in Swedish buildings built before 1945, financed by the Swedish Energy Agency and Energy Efficiency for EU Historic Districts, funded by the European Commission under its Seventh Framework Programme.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Eskola, Lari, et al.
(författare)
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Airtightness, Air Exchange and Energy Performance in Historic Residential Buildings with Different Structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 14:1, s. 11-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Old buildings that represent and maintain historic values often have poor indoor conditions and energy efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of building structures on airtightness and energy performance of certain historic building types. In this study on-site measurements, dynamic simulation and questionnaires were used. Significant differences between the levels of the airtightness of the historic houses exist in the studied region. No statistically significant correlation was found between the structure types and the envelope tightness. The typical air leakage places of the studied houses were at the junctions of the envelope structures. Measured air exchange rates indicated that the level of ventilation is insufficient in some of the houses while some are too leaky. If the airtightness of the naturally ventilated house is improved, the acceptable ventilation rate has to be guaranteed. Tightening the envelope and moving from natural to mechanical ventilation was the most effective way to improve the indoor conditions and energy performance.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Pär, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of insulation materials for historic buildings: case-studies comparing super insulation materials and hemp-lime
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings, EEHB2018. ; , s. 80-88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a challenge to reduce the energy use of historic buildings while preserving their cultural values. New materials and solutions are being developed that could contribute to improving the energy performance of historic buildings without altering their character defining elements. The aim of this paper is to technically evaluate and compare a ‘high-tech’ material (VIP) with a ‘low-tech’ material (hemp-lime) for adding insulation to historical façades. This comparison was made with respect to thermal properties and moisture performance, as well as available environmental impact data. The VIPs are characterised by reaching a high level of insulation although they are thin, which means they do not alter the proportions of the building the way thick layers of insulation do. Hemp-lime on the other hand has the advantage of being in line with the traditional materials already present in historic buildings.
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| 9. |
- Lingfors, David, PhD, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Solenergi på kulturhistoriska byggnader
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- År 2040 ska 5-10 procent av den svenska elmixen komma från sol- energi. En stor del av dagens sol- cellsinstallationer är uppförda på byggnader och det är troligt att den trenden kommer att hålla i sig. Samtidigt omfattas en stor del av byggnadsbeståndet av olika lag- skydd på grund av kulturhistoriska värden vilket kräver särskild varsamhet när man installerar sol- celler på dessa byggnader. I ett nystartat forskningsprojekt kom- mer verktyg och riktlinjer tas fram som tar hänsyn till både de tekniska och arkitektoniska aspekterna av solcellsinstallationer på kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnader.
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| 10. |
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