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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Jing-De, et al.
(författare)
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Hot-electron emission-driven energy recycling in transparent plasmonic electrode for organic solar cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: InfoMat. - : Wiley. - 2567-3165. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasmonic metal electrodes with subwavelength nanostructures are promising for enhancing light harvesting in photovoltaics. However, the nonradiative damping of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) during coupling with sunlight results in the conversion of the excited hot-electrons to heat, which limits the absorption of light and generation of photocurrent. Herein, an energy recycling strategy driven by hot-electron emission for recycling the SPP energy trapped in the plasmonic electrodes is proposed. A transparent silver-based plasmonic metal electrode (A-PME) with a periodic hexagonal nanopore array is constructed, which is combined with a luminescent organic emitter for radiative recombination of the injected hot-electrons. Owing to the suppressed SPP energy loss via broadband hot-electron emission, the A-PME achieves an optimized optical transmission with an average transmittance of over 80% from 380 to 1200 nm. Moreover, the indium-tin-oxide-free organic solar cells yield an enhanced light harvesting with a power conversion efficiency of 16.1%.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
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| 7. |
- Du, Mingrun, et al.
(författare)
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New ordered structure of amorphous carbon clusters induced by fullerene-cubane reactions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a new category of solids, crystalline materials constructed with amorphous building blocks expand the structure categorization of solids, for which designing such new structures and understanding the corresponding formation mechanisms are fundamentally important. Unlike previous reports, new amorphous carbon clusters constructed ordered carbon phases are found here by compressing C8H8/C60 cocrystals, in which the highly energetic cubane (C8H8) exhibits unusual roles as to the structure formation and transformations under pressure. The significant role of C8H8 is to stabilize the boundary interactions of the highly compressed or collapsed C60 clusters which preserves their long‐range ordered arrangement up to 45 GPa. With increasing time at high pressure, the gradual random bonding between C8H8 and carbon clusters, due to “energy release” of highly compressed cubane, leads to the loss of the ability of C8H8 to stabilize the carbon cluster arrangement. Thus a transition from short‐range disorder to long‐range disorder (amorphization) occurs in the formed material. The spontaneous bonding reconstruction most likely results in a 3D network in the material, which can create ring cracks on diamond anvils.
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| 8. |
- He, Liang, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete element simulation of porous asphalt mixture clogging law
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jiaotong Yunshu Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. - : Chang'an University. - 1671-1637. ; 23:2, s. 78-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reveal the pore clogging law of porous asphalt mixture, the combination study of model experiment and simulation of porous asphalt mixture clogging was conducted. The pore characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture were analyzed based on the CT-scanning and discrete element software PFC3D V5. 0, and the pore data of the porous asphalt mixture were obtained. The aggregates of different particle sizes were put into PFC3D V5. 0, and the compacted virtual specimens were generated according to the pore characteristics. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the pore images of actual specimens with the MATLAB slices. In the self-weight condition, the simulation was set with the porous asphalt mixture specimen being intruded by clogging particles with specific gradation composition. The data of indoor experiments were compared and verified. The particle sizes of clogging particles were changed, and the pore decay rates of the specimen were analyzed. The clogging-sensitive particles were identified. In the self-weight condition, the fluid simulation experiment was introduced, and the change law of specimen clogging was analyzed by changing the seepage rate of fluid. Analysis results show that the virtual specimen generated by PFC3D V5. 0 has high accuracy, and the simulation reveals the clogging law of the specimen. The small particles not only accumulate at the throat position causing clogging, but also congregate and interlock with the particles of larger sizes resulting in clogging too. In the self-weight condition, the clogging is mainly concentrated at the upper 30 mm of the mixture specimen, and the size distribution of corresponding clogging-sensitive particles is 0. 150-0. 600 mm. The size distribution of clogging particles has a great impact on the clogging results. In the conditions of gravity and fluid, with the seepage rate increasing from 0. 005 m • s-1 to 0. 030 m • s-1, the changing rate of pore decay rate increases. In addition, the clogging particles remaining in the mixture decrease, accompanied by the reduction of the pore decay rate. Therefore, the local rainfall conditions should also be considered in the design and maintenance of drainage asphalt pavement. 2 tabs, 20 figs, 30 refs. © 2023 Chang'an University. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Hou, Ya Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Research progress in CALPHAD assisted metal additive manufacturing
- 2024
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Ingår i: China Foundry. - : Springer Nature. - 1672-6421. ; 21:4, s. 295-310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology has experienced rapid development in recent years. As both equipment and materials progress towards increased maturity and commercialization, material metallurgy technology based on high energy sources has become a key factor influencing the future development of MAM. The calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) is an essential method and tool for constructing multi-component phase diagrams by employing experimental phase diagrams and Gibbs free energy models of simple systems. By combining with the element mobility data and non-equilibrium phase transition model, it has been widely used in the analysis of traditional metal materials. The development of CALPHAD application technology for MAM is focused on the compositional design of printable materials, the reduction of metallurgical imperfections, and the control of microstructural attributes. This endeavor carries considerable theoretical and practical significance. This paper summarizes the important achievements of CALPHAD in additive manufacturing (AM) technology in recent years, including material design, process parameter optimization, microstructure evolution simulation, and properties prediction. Finally, the limitations of applying CALPHAD technology to MAM technology are discussed, along with prospective research directions.
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| 10. |
- Jiang, Ping-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Controllable degradation of medical magnesium by electrodeposited composite films of mussel adhesive protein (Mefp-1) and chitosan
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 478, s. 246-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To control the degradation rate of medical magnesium in body fluid environment, biocompatible films composed of Mussel Adhesive Protein (Mefp-1) and chitosan were electrodeposited on magnesium surface in cathodic constant current mode. The compositions and structures of the films were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). And the corrosion protection performance was investigated using electrochemical measurements and immersion tests in simulated body fluid (Hanks' solution). The results revealed that Mefp-1 and chitosan successfully adhered on the magnesium surface and formed a protective film. Compared with either single Mefp-1 or single chitosan film, the composite film of chitosan/Mefp-1/chitosan (CPC (chitosan/Mefp-1/chitosan)) exhibited lower corrosion current density, higher polarization resistance and more homogenous corrosion morphology and thus was able to effectively control the degradation rate of magnesium in simulated body environment. In addition, the active attachment and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells on the CPC film coated magnesium indicated that the CPC film was significantly able to improve the biocompatibility of the medical magnesium.
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