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- Dore, Maitri, 1987
(författare)
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From Gone to Gain: Exploring the Scope of Historic Environment Compensation in Planning
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large planning projects inserted in old cities often cause physical loss of the historic environments they encounter. Public actors face the challenge of conserving these environments, while simultaneously considering planning needs for the future. Departing from an understanding of conservation as the dynamic management of change, the thesis explores “compensation” for historic environment loss in response to urban planning projects. To do so, it delves into law and policy, theory, and practice. The thesis finds that in law and policy, the provision for compensation is severely inadequate, with environments largely being understood from the natural sciences perspective. This often connotes re-creation and/or relocation of the affected environments. In theory, historic environment compensation is inadequately researched, misunderstood, and often contested. And in practice, there are hardly any precedents for it. Given this background, the thesis fleshes out an understanding of compensation using two cases of large infrastructure projects that affect officially designated historic environments. The primary case is the West Link train tunnel in Gothenburg, Sweden, and the secondary one, the Mumbai Metro, in Mumbai, India. Findings show the presence of compensation in the West Link and preservation in the Mumbai Metro. Compensation is an additive and change-oriented response. It can take the form of conveying stories through signage, design elements, displaying excavated remains, as well as by creating entirely new public spaces and programmes at the urban scale. This is in contrast to preservation in the Mumbai Metro, which focuses on preserving the physical and visual integrity of the affected historic environment. The responses in the cases also reveal authorised views to varying extents, in the selection of certain historic environment values by experts. Further, compensation and preservation are heavily mediated by their planning contexts. They emerge through negotiations, are dependent on various institutional and policy frameworks, regulations, multiple actors and their approaches and mandates, and several constraints associated with these. In this context, it is often a challenge to implement more change-oriented approaches to conservation. Nevertheless, compensation offers a dynamic alternative to managing change to historic environments in moments of major urban transformation.
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| 2. |
- Dore, Maitri, 1987
(författare)
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Heritage Compensation in Changing Environments: The Case of the West Link Infrastructure Project, Gothenburg
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) 27th Annual Meeting: Widening Horizons; Session: Compensation in Architecture and Archaeology - On Compensation as a Concept, Method, and Professional Practice, 6-11 September, 2021, Kiel (online). - Conference location: Kiel (online).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Major urban infrastructure projects in old cities often encounter material historical features during planning or execution, presenting several challenges for local heritage management. Using the case of the West Link in Gothenburg, Sweden, this paper discusses compensation as an approach to integrating heritage conservation with new urban development. Compensation, in this understanding, denotes a rethinking of heritage values and qualities, and fosters new development directions. While recognised as an important planning instrument (Grahn Danielson, et al, 2013; Rönn, et al, 2017), compensation more broadly, also includes thinking of heritage in terms of the heritage paradigm (Ashworth, 2011), as a vector in spatial planning (Janssen, et al, 2017), and more. The paper analyses how all these approaches reflect in practice in one specific case. The West Link is a railway line currently under construction in Gothenburg. It burrows through the city’s 17th century fortifications, ancient agricultural properties, and historical parks – all of which are ‘national interests’ with architectural historical value. Since the project is deemed to be a threat to the cultural heritage, the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) – responsible for the project – and the City of Gothenburg are in talks on how best to work with the heritage. Their proposals for adapting it reflect their ideas about its values and qualities. The STA seeks to minimise heritage damage, while the City additionally proposes to ‘strengthen’ its value through new urban design programmes and increased accessibility to hidden sites. The paper situates their proposals and positions within the wider discourse on compensation. It further highlights the potential of cultural heritage to not only coexist with new development, but even become a decisive force in shaping future cities in moments of major transformation. This work forms part of a PhD on heritage planning in changing environments resulting from infrastructure projects.
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| 3. |
- Dore, Maitri, 1987
(författare)
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Heritage Compensation in Changing Environments: The case of the West Link infrastructure project, Gothenburg
- 2022
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Ingår i: COMPENSATION IN ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY. ON COMPENSATION AS A PROJECT, METHOD AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. - Gothenburg : Kulturlandskapet and Chalmers University of Technology. - 9789198391138 ; , s. 83-118
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major urban infrastructure projects in old cities often encounter material, historical features during planning or execution, presenting several challenges for local heritage management. Using the case of the West Link in Gothenburg, Sweden, this paper discusses compensation as an approach to heritage management in cases of large urban developments. The West Link is a railway line currently under construction in Gothenburg. It burrows through the city’s 17th century fortifications, ancient agricultural properties and historical parks. Since the project is deemed to be a threat to cultural heritage, the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) – responsible for the project – and Gothenburg City’s cultural administration, among others, are in talks on how best to compensate for the impact on heritage. The paper finds that compensation can take the form of storytelling, variously expressed by exposing archaeological finds, incorporating them into art and architecture, using digital storytelling techniques and linking project sites to their wider regions. Situating these within the wider discourse on compensation and critical heritage, the paper raises for discussion the extent of interconnectedness between heritage objects and their stories, the centrality of material and overlapping heritage approaches that come into play during planning.
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| 4. |
- Dore, Maitri, 1987
(författare)
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Heritage-making in Changing Environments: The Use of Archaeology in the West Link Infrastructure Project, Gothenburg
- 2021
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Ingår i: Architecture, Archaeology and Contemporary City Planning Symposium: Cities in Evolution, April 26th-May 2nd, 2021, Istanbul (online). - Conference location: Istanbul (online).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Major urban infrastructure projects in old cities often encounter archaeological remains during planning or execution, presenting several challenges for local heritage management. Using the case of the West Link project in Gothenburg, Sweden, this paper analyses the extent to which heritage-making as an approach was mobilised in using the material finds in the new urban development. Rather than viewing heritage conservation and city planning as conflictual, the paper sets out from the premise that heritage-making in situations of large-scale urban transformation can take different forms, and create new development directions. In the literature, these directions have variously been called compensation for cultural heritage damage (Grahn-Danielson, Rönn, & Swedberg, 2013, August), heritage as a vector in spatial planning (Janssen, Luiten, Renes, & Stegmeijer, 2017), the heritage paradigm (Ashworth, 2011), and more. The paper analyses the ways in which these approaches reflect in one specific case. The West Link is a railway line extension, currently under construction in Gothenburg. It burrows through the city’s 17th century fortifications, ancient agricultural properties, and historical parks – all of which are designated as ‘national interests’. Since the project is deemed to be a threat to the cultural heritage and the readability of the city’s architectural history, the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) – responsible for the project – and the City of Gothenburg are in talks on how best to deal with the heritage. This includes the archaeological finds unearthed in the process of digging, such as remnants of the former city wall, pieces of 18th century Chinese porcelain, and even entire boats. The stakeholders’ proposals for using the finds in the new development are informed by their individual ideas about the value of heritage. The STA’s proposals include exhibiting the objects in the newly built stations and distributing them across the inner city as ‘keys’ or ‘clues’ to history. The City, on the other hand, is less focused on the isolated objects, proposing instead larger urban design programmes encouraging reflection on past-present-future, and increased accessibility to hidden sites. Both parties see the finds as an opportunity to varying degrees. Through document analysis and primary data from interviews with representatives of the STA and the City of Gothenburg, this paper analyses their proposals for cultural heritage with a focus on the archaeological finds. It further situates their approaches within the literature on heritage-making. In doing so, the paper addresses the potential of cultural heritage to not only coexist with or be integrated into city planning, but even become a decisive force in shaping future cities in moments of major transformation. This work forms part of a PhD on heritage planning in changing environments resulting from infrastructure projects.
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| 7. |
- Dore, Maitri, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Reinforcing heritage for the future city: Perspectives on 'compensation' in the West Link infrastructure project, Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Association for Critical Heritage Studies (ACHS) Conference 2020: FUTURES, 26-30 August, London (virtual). - Conference location: London (virtual).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Major infrastructure projects in cities with many layers of history present several challenges for local heritage management. This study analyses the heritage negotiation process in the planning of the West Link, a railway extension project in the inner city of Gothenburg, Sweden. It focuses on the perspectives on resources, values and processes of change in the landscape, as articulated by the various stakeholders before construction began. The West Link was initially deemed to be a threat to the city’s 17th century fortifications, ancient agricultural properties and historical parks. The Swedish government appointed stakeholders from the Swedish Traffic Administration and heritage professionals at national, regional and local levels, to collectively negotiate how best to deal with the city’s historical fabric. In the process, new modes of thinking about heritage were sparked. The case study draws on primary data for the analysis. Results show how particularly one stakeholder, the City Museum (part of the city administration) went beyond their normal preservationist approach to heritage, conceptualising it in new ways. They used the opportunity afforded by the construction to reinforce the old city, through proposals like new urban design programmes encouraging reflection on past-present-future, and increased accessibility to hidden sites. An initially “dead-end-position” generated the tool of “compensation”, which was mobilised beyond its legal definition, as the stakeholders discussed ways to work with the affected features and associated cultural values. The article engages with the theme of “compensation” through the West Link and situates it within broader questions of dealing with the material past in response to future needs. In discussing “compensation” from a cultural heritage perspective, the article contributes knowledge to an under-researched dimension of the heritage management process. The case study presented here forms part of a PhD project dealing with heritage management in relation to changing environments, specifically infrastructure projects.
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| 8. |
- Fredholm, Susanne, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic Responses to Wicked Problems of Heritage Management: Experiences from the West Link Infrastructure Project in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Heritage management in infrastructure planning is in this paper regarded as a ‘wicked problem’—a multidimensional and unpredictable activity infused with conflicting stakeholder perspectives. By focusing on the West Link and drawing on theoretical notions of strategy‐as‐practice, the aim is to identify the circumstances in which paradoxes and dilemmas of wicked problems emerge and examine the professional micro‐level strategizing applied to navigate and overcome them. The railway construction was deemed to be a threat to the 17th century fortifications, historical parks and former agricultural properties, today located in the city center. The Swedish government appointed representatives from the Swedish Transport Administration and heritage professionals from national, regional and local levels of government to negotiate how best to deal with these challenges. By means of primary data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, and document‐ and correspondence analysis, the results showed how three main challenges hampered a fruitful dialogue and outcome: the inherent complexity of the task, different approaches to heritage and lack of adequate coordination within and between the parties. Strategic responses included action plans, delegation of tasks in reference and working groups, the signing of agreements, reorganization and financing of additional personnel. We discuss the main factors underlining the wickedness of heritage management in infrastructure planning as both processual and collaborative, and the implications of this for practice regarding bringing about more operative and sustainable approaches.
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