| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dowel deformations in multi-dowel LVL-connections under moment loading
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 10:3, s. 216-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the experimental study presented herein is the assessment and quantification of the behavior of individual dowels in multi-dowel connections loaded by a bending moment. For this purpose, double-shear, steel-to-timber connections with nine steel dowels arranged in different patterns and with different dowel diameters were tested in four-point bending. In order to achieve a ductile behavior with up to 7° relative rotation, the connections were partly reinforced with self-tapping screws. The reinforcement did not influence the global load–deformation behavior, neither for dowel diameters of 12 mm nor for 20 mm, as long as cracking was not decisive. The deformation of the individual dowels was studied by means of a non-contact deformation measurement system. Thus, the crushing deformation, that is, the deformation at the steel plate, and the bending deformation of the dowels could be quantified. In the case of 12 mm dowels, the bending deformation was larger than the crushing deformation, while it was smaller in the case of 20 mm dowels. Moreover, dowels loaded parallel to the grain showed larger bending deformations than dowels loaded perpendicular to the grain. This indicates that the loading of the individual dowels in the connection differs depending on their location.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Assessment of the Load Distribution in Multi-Dowel Timber Connections
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Rhodes, Greece, July 3-7, 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An integrative, hierarchically organized testing procedure for the quantification of the load distribution in multi-dowel timber connections is presented herein. The use of contactless deformation measurement systems allowed the combination of test data from single dowel and multi-dowel connections, which gave access to the loads acting on each dowel over the full loading history. As a consequence of the anisotropic material behavior of wood, a nonuniform and progressively changing load distribution among the dowels was found.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental characterization of the global and local behavior of multi-dowel LVL-connections under complex loading
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 49:6, s. 2407-2424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thorough experimental characterization of a dowel-type connection under various combinations of bending moments and normal forces is presented in this study. Double-shear steel-to-timber connections with 12 and 20 mm steel dowels were tested in a 4-point bending test set-up. The load, between the connected steel and wood beams, was transferred by the dowels themselves and also via an additional (passive) contact device, which introduced an eccentric normal force in the timber beam. The behavior of the connections was studied at the global scale of the connection and at the local scale of the individual dowels. A non-contact deformation measurement system was used to assess the changes of the location of the center of relative rotation over the entire loading. At the same time, the head deformations of the individual dowels could be measured, giving a direct indication about the force distribution among the dowels. Due to reinforcement, connections behaved distinctly ductile with a global relative rotation of up to 3°. Pre-stressing of the contact device by a force of 40 kN yielded an even stiffer behavior. For the particular configurations tested herein, the center of rotation was found to be close to the vertical axis of symmetry of the joint and close to the top row of the dowels. Moreover, the superimposed vertical shift of the center of relative rotation in case of a delayed normal force could be quantified. © 2015 RILEM
|
|
| 7. |
- Bader, Thomas K., et al.
(författare)
-
Integrative experimental characterization and engineering modeling of single-dowel connections in LVL
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 107, s. 235-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to be able to realistically and consistently elucidate and subsequently simulate the load displacement behavior of single-dowel connections, the material behavior of the individual components, namely steel dowels and wood, needs to be investigated. The behavior of slotted-in, single-dowel steel-to-laminated veneer lumber (LVL) connections with dowel diameters of 12 and 20 mm is thoroughly discussed here in relation to steel dowel and LVL properties. In addition to connection tests at different load-to-grain directions of 0, 45 and 90, the corresponding embedment behavior of LVL was tested up to dowel displacements of three times the dowel diameter. The material behavior of steel dowels was studied by means of tensile and 3-point bending tests and accompanying finite element simulations. A pronounced nonlinear behavior of the single-dowel connections was observed for all load-to-grain directions. In case of loading perpendicular to the grain, a significant hardening behavior was obvious. Due to the anisotropic material properties of wood, enforcing a loading direction of 45 to the grain resulted in an additional force perpendicular to the load direction which was quantified in a novel biaxial test setup. Thus, a comprehensive and consistent database over different scales of observations of dowel connections could be established, which subsequently was exploited by means of engineering modeling. The comparison of experimental and numerical data illustrates the potential of the engineering modeling approach to overcome drawbacks of current design regulations, which are unable to appropriately predict stiffness properties of dowel connections. Moreover, the quasi-elastic limit of dowel connections was calculated and discussed by means of the model. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Dorn, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Logistik 2015-2020 : En framtidsstudie om logistiksimulering: FoT 19 logistik
- 2006
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In this study an attempt is made to put forward ideas about how logistic support to the Armed Forces of the future will be dealt with, based on a survey of current social, military and economic trends. The aim is to identify those logistic matters, which it would be relevant to simulate within a 10 to 15-year period. The study has been carried out with the aid of NATO logistic doctrine and a qualitative method, which is closely comparable to idea analysis.One of the findings of the study is that the Swedish Armed Forces could be one module, amongst many (e.g. police, rescue services and aid organisations), tailor-made for a particular peace support operation, led by a national HQ. It can also be taken that civilian actors, to a much greater extent than today, will be part of the logistics system and that this system could resemble the “IKEA model”, i.e. small stores of equipment that can quickly be put together to meet different needs. All this will require a greater degree of specialisation and coordination, both in Sweden and in other countries.Those logistic matters identified as being relevant for simulation within a 10 to15-year period have been brought together in a summary. The main conclusion of the study indicates that it is of the utmost importance to simulate a model of the complete logistic chain. In the meantime, in order to carry out the simulation, the collection of experiences and lessons learned must be systemised and recorded. If this does not happen, it is doubtful that the simulation can be used as a system to support decision-making.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lockhart, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel infrared polarimeter for the ESO CRIRES plus instrument
- 2014
-
Ingår i: GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V. - : SPIE. - 9780819496157
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CRIRES infrared spectrograph at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) facility will soon receive an upgrade. This upgrade will include the addition of a module for performing high-resolution spectropolarimetry. The polarimetry module will incorporate a novel infrared beamsplitter based on polarization gratings (PGs). The beamsplitter produces a pair of infrared output beams, with opposite circular polarizations, which are then fed into the spectrograph. Visible light passes through the module virtually unaltered and is then available for use by the CRIRES adaptive optics system. We present the design of the polarimetry module and measurements of PG behavior in the 1 to 2.7 mu m wavelength range.
|
|
| 10. |
- Schweigler, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Static and dynamic properties of connections in timber-frame structures : BOOST + FBBB project
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Connections play an important role in timber frame structures, especially when approaching the market of multi-story buildings. Two questions faced by practitioners were studied: for the first is the deformation behavior of such structures, where connections between wall and floor elements play an important role for the global stability of the timber structure. For the second is the sound transmission within elements of high importance, particularly timber building systems face challenges. For that reason, the static and dynamic behavior of such connections was studied in a joined experimental program. Two different building systems were investigated in 13 different test setups of how a floor and wall elements were connected to each other. By adjusting connection elements, the influence of various parameters on the dynamic and static behavior was studied. Sound/vibration transmission over the wall-floor connection was the special interest of the dynamic study. The floor element was excited by a shaker, and the response of floor and wall element was measured by accelerometers. This allowed to identify eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes as well as the damping of the structure and the insertion loss over the connection, respectively. Distinct differences between the building systems of the different producers were seen, while adjustments within building systems influenced only slightly the dynamic behavior. For the static part of the study, the moment-rotation behavior of the wall-floor connection was investigated. Variations of connection designs and layouts were tested to better understand the load-transfer and the mechanical interaction using different connectors and connector arrangements. The nailed connection between vertical studs and the bottom rail of the wall element was identified as a soft point when loaded by a horizontal force perpendicular to the plane of the wall element. Using screws this connection showed a substantial improvement of the connection strength. Further adjustments on the connector arrangements showed only partly influence on connection stiffness and strength.
|
|
