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- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Dowel deformations in multi-dowel LVL-connections under moment loading
- 2015
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 10:3, s. 216-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the experimental study presented herein is the assessment and quantification of the behavior of individual dowels in multi-dowel connections loaded by a bending moment. For this purpose, double-shear, steel-to-timber connections with nine steel dowels arranged in different patterns and with different dowel diameters were tested in four-point bending. In order to achieve a ductile behavior with up to 7° relative rotation, the connections were partly reinforced with self-tapping screws. The reinforcement did not influence the global load–deformation behavior, neither for dowel diameters of 12 mm nor for 20 mm, as long as cracking was not decisive. The deformation of the individual dowels was studied by means of a non-contact deformation measurement system. Thus, the crushing deformation, that is, the deformation at the steel plate, and the bending deformation of the dowels could be quantified. In the case of 12 mm dowels, the bending deformation was larger than the crushing deformation, while it was smaller in the case of 20 mm dowels. Moreover, dowels loaded parallel to the grain showed larger bending deformations than dowels loaded perpendicular to the grain. This indicates that the loading of the individual dowels in the connection differs depending on their location.
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- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Assessment of the Load Distribution in Multi-Dowel Timber Connections
- 2016
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Rhodes, Greece, July 3-7, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An integrative, hierarchically organized testing procedure for the quantification of the load distribution in multi-dowel timber connections is presented herein. The use of contactless deformation measurement systems allowed the combination of test data from single dowel and multi-dowel connections, which gave access to the loads acting on each dowel over the full loading history. As a consequence of the anisotropic material behavior of wood, a nonuniform and progressively changing load distribution among the dowels was found.
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- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental characterization of the global and local behavior of multi-dowel LVL-connections under complex loading
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 49:6, s. 2407-2424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thorough experimental characterization of a dowel-type connection under various combinations of bending moments and normal forces is presented in this study. Double-shear steel-to-timber connections with 12 and 20 mm steel dowels were tested in a 4-point bending test set-up. The load, between the connected steel and wood beams, was transferred by the dowels themselves and also via an additional (passive) contact device, which introduced an eccentric normal force in the timber beam. The behavior of the connections was studied at the global scale of the connection and at the local scale of the individual dowels. A non-contact deformation measurement system was used to assess the changes of the location of the center of relative rotation over the entire loading. At the same time, the head deformations of the individual dowels could be measured, giving a direct indication about the force distribution among the dowels. Due to reinforcement, connections behaved distinctly ductile with a global relative rotation of up to 3°. Pre-stressing of the contact device by a force of 40 kN yielded an even stiffer behavior. For the particular configurations tested herein, the center of rotation was found to be close to the vertical axis of symmetry of the joint and close to the top row of the dowels. Moreover, the superimposed vertical shift of the center of relative rotation in case of a delayed normal force could be quantified. © 2015 RILEM
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- Schweigler, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Static and dynamic properties of connections in timber-frame structures : BOOST + FBBB project
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Connections play an important role in timber frame structures, especially when approaching the market of multi-story buildings. Two questions faced by practitioners were studied: for the first is the deformation behavior of such structures, where connections between wall and floor elements play an important role for the global stability of the timber structure. For the second is the sound transmission within elements of high importance, particularly timber building systems face challenges. For that reason, the static and dynamic behavior of such connections was studied in a joined experimental program. Two different building systems were investigated in 13 different test setups of how a floor and wall elements were connected to each other. By adjusting connection elements, the influence of various parameters on the dynamic and static behavior was studied. Sound/vibration transmission over the wall-floor connection was the special interest of the dynamic study. The floor element was excited by a shaker, and the response of floor and wall element was measured by accelerometers. This allowed to identify eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes as well as the damping of the structure and the insertion loss over the connection, respectively. Distinct differences between the building systems of the different producers were seen, while adjustments within building systems influenced only slightly the dynamic behavior. For the static part of the study, the moment-rotation behavior of the wall-floor connection was investigated. Variations of connection designs and layouts were tested to better understand the load-transfer and the mechanical interaction using different connectors and connector arrangements. The nailed connection between vertical studs and the bottom rail of the wall element was identified as a soft point when loaded by a horizontal force perpendicular to the plane of the wall element. Using screws this connection showed a substantial improvement of the connection strength. Further adjustments on the connector arrangements showed only partly influence on connection stiffness and strength.
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| 7. |
- Abdeljaber, Osama, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling an OMA Modal Model of a Wood Building Using OMAH and a Small Shaker
- 2020
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Ingår i: Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030477165 - 9783030477172 ; , s. 151-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operational modal analysis, OMA, results in unscaled mode shapes, since no forces are measured. Yet, obtaining a scaled modal model, i.e. knowing the modal mass of each mode (assuming proportional damping), is essential in many cases for structural health monitoring and load estimation. Several methods have therefore recently been developed for this purpose. The so-called OMAH method is a recently developed method for scaling OMA models, based on harmonic excitation of the structure. A number of frequencies are excited, one by one, and for each frequency, one or more frequency response values are calculated, that are then used for estimation of the modal masses of each mode, and residual effects of modes outside the frequency of interest. In the present paper, measurements were made on a four-story office building which was excited with a small, 200 N sine peak electrodynamic shaker. It is demonstrated that this small shaker was sufficient to excite the building with a force level of approx.. 1.8 N RMS close to the first eigenfrequency of the building, which was sufficient to produce harmonic response across the building. Reliable modal masses were possible to obtain within an accuracy of 6%. This demonstrates the feasibility of the OMAH method.
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- Amaddeo, Carmen, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient Vibration Tests and Modal Analysis of a Six-Story Lightweight Timber Frame Building
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023). - : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE). ; , s. 2898-2906
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the in-situ ambient vibration tests of a lightweight timber frame building, performed in order to obtain its modal properties. Our case study is a six-story lightweight timber frame building in Varberg, Sweden. Five battery-driven wireless data acquisition units with a total of 14 uni-axial accelerometers were used to perform the in-situ measurements. Accelerations along the two horizontal directions were recorded with a duration of approximately 40 minutes. Two different only-output frequency and time domain Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) methods were used to evaluate the dynamic properties of the building. The modal parameters obtained from the in-situ measurements, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, were compared with the parameters obtained from the Finite Element (FE) model of the structure. To perform a detailed numerical analysis of the light-frame timber building, all lateral-load resisting system components were modelled. The FE model was calibrated in function of the results obtained from the OMA of the building. Based on the obtained results from the calibrated FE model, it was possible to conclude that the non-structural elements have an influence on the global dynamic response of the building.
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| 9. |
- Amaddeo, Carmen, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic characterization of a six-story light-weight timber-frame building
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the SHATIS 2022. - : Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. - 9788086246543 ; , s. 173-179
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-story residential and commercial timber buildings are an efficient solution for sustainable cities. Numerous projects have been and are expected to be realized in Sweden. In-situ wind-induced ambient vibrations tests have been conducted on a six-story light-weight timber-frame building in Varberg (Sweden). The load-bearing structure is composed of outer walls and some interior walls. For horizontal stabilization, the walls are supported by a bracings system realized with steel rods. To perform the in-situ measurements, multiple battery-driven data acquisition units, with uni-axial accelerometers have been used. Repeated measurements at different positions have been performed to be able to collect data at each floor and along both directions (longitudinal and transversal). Two different Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) methods have been used to evaluate the modal parameters: frequency, damping and mode shapes. The in-situ dynamics properties have been compared with the dynamic properties obtained from the Finite Element (FE) model of the structure.
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| 10. |
- Amaddeo, Carmen, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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System identification of a six-story lightweight timber frame building using ambient vibration measurements at different environmental conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures. EVACES 2023. - : Springer. - 9783031391088 - 9783031391095 ; , s. 569-578
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient vibrations of a six-story lightweight timber frame building were measured under different environmental conditions in order to obtain the modal parameters of the structure. Changes in temperature and relative humidi-ty in timber can influence its response in terms of modal parameters. Namely, a moisture content change in the timber can affect stiffness, strength, and shape of the elements as well as the properties of the connections. Monthly measure-ments have been performed on a six-story lightweight timber frame building in Varberg, Sweden, built in 2021. The in-situ tests were performed using five bat-tery-driven data acquisition units with 14 uni-axial accelerometers. Additional-ly, the building is permanently monitored using temperature and humidity sen-sors, starting ever since its construction phase. The ambient vibration data have been analyzed using two different only-output methods. The results obtained under different temperature and humidity conditions were compared in order to assess the effect of the environmental conditions in the building. This infor-mation can be used to ensure the building meets safety and performance re-quirements, as well as to identify potential issues that may need to be addressed during building design.
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