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- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-
(författare)
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Den dödliga stanken av miasma : En analys av smittspridningsteorin som präglade 1800-talsmedicinen [The deadly stench of putrefaction: An analysis of miasma, the theory of contagion which dominated nineteenthcentury medicine]
- 2023
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 143:3, s. 322-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the nineteenth-century understanding of the miasma theory of contagion in Swedish medical discourse is analysed. The sources are approximately one hundred discussions about miasma in Swedish doctors’ reports, books, and medical journals, primarily located using the databases Medicinhistorisk databas, Internet Archive, and Google Books. The miasma theory, which held that contagion spread through an airborne poison, was the main framework for explaining the emergence of sudden epidemics in European and American medical discourse in the nineteenth century. The theory was especially influential in the face of waves of cholera which struck Europe and the US between 1830 and 1870, but the theory shaped responses to several other diseases as well, such as typhoid and typhus. However, how miasma was believed to work has not been studied thoroughly.This article remedies that in four ways. First, the miasma theory’s classical origins are outlined, and how it was shaped in medieval plague tractates. Second, the nineteenth-century shift in ideas about what caused miasma is explained: from rotting vegetable matter in swamps, human garbage. Third, what nineteenth-century medical practice took to be the main properties of miasma are discussed: miasmatic contagion was believed to be diseasegenerating, airborne, foul-smelling, and related to putrefaction. Fourth, the relationships between these properties are examined, offering an explanation for the miasma theory’s enduring popularity. Since it was rare for all its properties to be mentioned when it was discussed, the miasma concept proved an especially flexible way of giving reasons for otherwise inexplicable epidemic outbreaks. This flexibility might also explain its downfall, which, as is shown, was not as self-evident as many historians of medicines have stated. The miasma theory could have been used to handle everyday dirt, the main concern of the late nineteenth-century hygienic movement, charging it with menace; instead, the theory was resolutely abandoned. To conclude, a new avenue of research into this abandonment is presented: the important but largely ignored transformation of conceptions of putrefaction from a soiling process to one which cleans the air and water.
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- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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How to combine close and distant reading within the history of science and ideas : Two examples from ongoing research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lychnos. - Uppsala : Lärdomshistoriska Samfundet. - 0076-1648. ; , s. 85-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text gives two examples of how research within the history of science and ideas can make use of digital methods through a combination of close and distant reading. The first case maps all churches and prayer chapels in the Diocese of Luleå to answer the question if a Bible belt exists in Norrland; what it (if there is one) looks like, what its characteristics are, and how it has evolved over time. The spatio-temporal visualization both clarifies patterns of religious fervor and reveals “white spots”, creating questions for further research. In the second case distributional concept analysis is performed using Sketch Engine on the corpus enTenTen20, consisting of 38 billion words gathered in 2020 from the Anglophone Internet. Lists are assembled over which words are most often used together (co-locates) with creativity. Then, the research process is outlined, where use of such distant reading tools encourages returns to close readings of other materials (for instance speeches by American presidents) in an iterative process. The cases illustrate the benefits of moving between “distant” levels where digital methods show large patterns, and more specific, detailed, “close” levels, with focus on particular points of interest. We also show how this oscillation between large-scale computer aided methods, and small-scale interpretations generate new questions. Finally, we discuss our experiences of multidisciplinary approaches to digital history, and describe setbacks and unexpected wins.
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| 4. |
- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-
(författare)
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Ren
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska begreppshistorier. - Stockholm : Fri Tanke. - 9789189139329
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-
(författare)
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Snygg
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska begreppshistorier. - Stockholm : Fri Tanke. - 9789189139329
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-
(författare)
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THE 'SEDUCTIVE SCIENTIST' : THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW PERSONA CENTRED ON VIRILITY AND JOY IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Notes and records of the Royal Society of London. - 0035-9149 .- 1743-0178.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text investigates the twentieth-century scientific memoir genre from the perspective of two of its perhaps most influential contributors, the American Nobel laureates Richard Feynman and James Watson, by using theoretical tools from masculinity studies and the studies of scientific personae. The term ‘the seductive scientist’ is proposed to describe the main innovation to scientific personae that Watson introduces and Feynman perfects: a scientist who is brutally honest, openly seeks joy and fun, and is interested in sexual conquests. To include these topics is deliberately provocative in relation to earlier scientific personae, most importantly ‘the reverential scientist’, aiming for gravitas and depicting the scientific life as revolving around awe. As is shown, however, the seductive scientist, for all its bravado, is actually a persona which only promotes mild, non-disruptive rebellion. Rather than actually challenging the system, it incorporates several aspects of counter-cultural critique against science, showing it to not be pompous, conformist and boring, but rather fun, exciting and full of life. This reconfiguration of self-presentations by scientists, then, strongly influences the scientific memoir as a genre, affecting the ability of scientists to speak in the name of science.
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- Drakman, Annelie, Fil. dr. 1981-
(författare)
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Vår tids rädsla för glädjelöshet
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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Med tvål, vatten och flit : Hälsofrämjande renlighet som ideal och praktik, ca 1870–1930
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Med tvål, vatten och flit: Hälsofrämjande renlighet som ideal och praktik, ca 1870–1930Med tvål, vatten och flit handlar om människors förhållningssätt och praktiker kring renlighet och hälsa årtiondena kring sekelskiftet 1900. Vid den här tidpunkten hade de vetenskapliga rönen om hur sjukdomar spreds ringat in människors hem och kroppar som särskilt farliga platser. Renlighet var emellertid mycket mer än bara en hälsofråga – rengöringsivern var en drivande faktor i flera stora samhällsförändringar. Boken bidrar till att fördjupa diskussionen om renlighet i relation till klass, kön, arbete, konsumtion och rumslighet ur ett nordiskt perspektiv.Kampen mot den samhällsfarliga smutsen fördes brett och på olika nivåer i samhället. Boken ger inblickar i den långa och komplexa renlighetsprocess som samhället genomgick. Bakom det över tid mer flitiga tvålanvändandet dolde sig förmaningar, förhandlingar och konflikter kring hur renlighetsarbetet skulle utföras och av vem. Tvålens herravälde var inte självklar utan tillkämpad.I bokens tio bidrag utforskas särskilt interaktionen mellan debattörer, föreningar, institutioner och enskilda individer. Hur gick renlighetsarbetet till och hur togs det emot? Vem och vad behövde rengöras och på vilka grunder? Vad innebar renlighet i olika sammanhang och för olika individer? Boken synliggör hur förhandlingar kring renlighetens ideal och praktik gått till genom undersökningar av hur renlighetsidealet presenterats, propagerats, uppfattats, ifrågasatts, omsatts och ibland haft andra bevekelsegrunder än avsändaren avsett.Bidragen är skrivna av ekonomhistoriker, etnologer, historiker och idéhistoriker från Danmark, Finland, Norge och Sverige. Boken vänder sig till studenter, forskare och andra intresserade av ett historiskt perspektiv på renlighet.
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