| 1. |
- Wang, Guilei, et al.
(författare)
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Study of SiGe selective epitaxial process integration with high-k and metal gate for 16/14 nm nodes FinFET technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 163, s. 49-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the process integration of SiGe selective epitaxy on source/drain regions, for 16/14 nm nodes FinFET with high-k & metal gate has been presented. Selectively grown Si1-xGex (0.35 <= x <= 0.40) with boron concentration of 1 x 10(20) cm(-3) was used to elevate the source/drain of the transistors. The epi-quality, layer profile and strain amount of the selectively grown SiGe layers were also investigated by means of various characterizations. A series of prebaking experiments were performed for temperatures ranging from 740 to 825 degrees C in order to in situ clean the Si fins prior to the epitaxy. The results showed that the thermal budget needs to be limited to 780-800 degrees C in order to avoid any damages to the shape of Si fins but to remove the native oxide effectively which is essential for high epitaxial quality. The Ge content in SiGe layers on Si fins was determined from the strain measured directly by reciprocal space mappings using synchrotron radiation. Atomic layer deposition technique was applied to fill the gate trench with W using WF6 and B2H6 precursors. By such an AID approach, decent growth rate, low resistivity and excellent gap filling capability of W in pretty high aspect-ratio gate trench was realized. The as-fabricated FinFETs demonstrated decent electrical characteristics.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibiting the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by selenium supplementation ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity and catabolism in chondrocytes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 235:5, s. 4434-4442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarticular disorder associated with physical disability and a heavy economic burden. Contamination by mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and selenium deficiency have been proposed to be key etiological factors for KBD, and can work together to aggravate the progression of KBD. Nevertheless, the mechanism of DON in KBD remains elusive. In the present study, exposure to DON dose-dependently suppressed cell viability and expression of pro-proliferation marker PCNA in human chondrocytes, whereas it enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, cell apoptosis, and caspase-3/9 activity. In addition, DON incubation shifted metabolism homeostasis towards catabolism by suppressing the transcription of collagen II and aggrecan, and the production of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and TIMP-1, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase levels (MMP-1 and MMP-13). Mechanistically, DON exposure induced the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Intriguingly, blocking this pathway reversed the adverse effects of DON on cytotoxic damage and metabolism disruption to catabolism. Notably, supplementation with selenium reduced DON-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, selenium addition abrogated cytotoxic injury and excessive pro-catabolic gene expression in chondrocytes upon DON conditions. These findings confirm that DON may facilitate the development of KBD by inducing cell injury, inhibiting matrix synthesis, and increasing cellular catabolism by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which were partially reversed by selenium supplementation. Thus, the current study may presents a new viewpoint for how selenium supplementation ameliorates the development of KBD by inhibiting DON-induced cytotoxic injury and metabolism imbalance in chondrocytes.
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| 3. |
- Xu, Yunhua, et al.
(författare)
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A New Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex as an Efficient Water Oxidation Catalyst
- 2009
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 48:7, s. 2717-2719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dinuclear ruthenium complex, which acts as a molecular catalyst for water oxidation, has been synthesized and characterized. The electronic and electrochemical properties were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation potentials of the complex are significantly lowered by introducing a negatively charged carboxylate ligand, in comparison with those of the reported complexes that have neutral ligands. The catalytic activity of the complex toward water oxidation using Ce(NH4)(2)(NO3)(6) as a chemical oxidant was investigated by means of an oxygen electrode and mass spectrometry. The turnover number of this catalyst with Ce-IV as the chemical oxidant was found to be ca. 1700. The mass spectroscopic analysis of the isotopomer distribution in oxygen evolved from O-18-labeled water indicates that O atoms in the evolved oxygen originate from water.
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