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- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Letting Drivers Know What is Going on in Traffic
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Vehicles. - 9780123971999 ; , s. 291-318
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many different Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) that have been developed and are currently under development. Some of them are already on the market. These systems can be categorized into information/warning, active assistance/semi-automation, and full/high automation. The bottleneck of ADAS technology's application in vehicles is the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design. In the present situation, the information from ADAS is normally presented by warning signals to the driver on potentially hazardous situations in traffic. In general, a warning signal is regarded as an unpleasant stimulation. If we take the time perspective from a normal drive to crash into consideration, we can divide the drive into three phases: normal drive in comfort zone, pre-crash in safety zone, and automation when the driver loses control. Warning design has many negative issues, such as the time issue, the modality issue, information transparency, and the false alarm issue. The idealistic way to assist drivers is to enhance their traffic situation awareness so they can always keep their driving in a comfort zone, and to support them with the right information, so that they can predict upcoming events in traffic, prepare for unpredictable occurrences, and take appropriate action if necessary. From warning design to letting the driver know what is going on in traffic, the HMI design needs to meet dynamic requirements for drivers in different traffic situations. These challenges are very different from warning designs. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The future of advanced driving assistance system development in China
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, ICVES 2011; Beijing; 10 July 2011 through 12 July 2011. - 9781457705762 ; , s. 238-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, with the rapid development of vehicle industry in China, an increasing number of companies realized the importance of culture adaption, when implementing ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance System) to the vehicles in China. However, some designing issues of these systems need to be solved, taking consideration of driver's behavior and traffic situation in China. There is a lack of studies on Chinese drivers and related to HMI design of ADAS systems in the literature. There are limited reports on Chinese traffic and drivers studies, but still lack of the necessary depth. Some interaction design methodologies, including personas, focus group study, questionnaire and so on, were used in these reports. However, these studies are neither intensive nor comprehensive. Although (part of) the issues are brought up and analyzed, only general solutions are mentioned for the designing of the systems. Present paper, through literature review, indicated different areas that need to be focused on that are related to culture issues and the possible methodologies that can be applied.
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- Duan, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric mercury pollution in the xi’an area, china, studied by differential absorption lidar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the atmospheric concentration of polluting atomic mercury were performed using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique in the Lintong district, about 35 km northeast of Xi’an, the capital of the Shaanxi province, China. Concentrations ranging from 2 to 13 ng/m3 were observed. As uniquely enabled by the lidar technique, representative average concentrations, integrated over a considerable volume, were recorded and put in relation to weather conditions, and vertical concentration profiles were measured. Considerable local non-uniformities were also observed, which may indicate the presence of localized hot-spots in the area, possibly related to ancient tombs.
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- Duan, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Optical characterization of Chinese hybrid rice using laser-induced fluorescence techniques—laboratory and remote-sensing measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X. ; 57:13, s. 3481-3487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chinese hybrid rice of different varieties, growing in paddies in the Pingqiao district, north of Xinyang city, Henan province, China, was studied in detailed spectroscopic characteristics using laser-induced fluorescence. The base for the studies was the new South China Normal University mobile lidar laboratory, which was dispatched on site, providing facilities both for laboratory studies using a 405 nm excitation source as well as remote sensing measurements at ranges from around 40 m–120 m, mostly employing the 532 nm output from a Nd:YAG laser. We, in particular, studied the spectral influence of the species varieties as well as the level of nitrogen fertilization supplied. Specially developed contrast functions as well as multivariate techniques with principal components and Fisher’s discriminate analyses were applied, and useful characterization of the rice could be achieved. The chlorophyll content mapping of the 30 zones was obtained with the remote sensing measurements.
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- Karlsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed halide perovskites for spectrally stable and high-efficiency blue light-emitting diodes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bright and efficient blue emission is key to further development of metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes. Although modifying bromide/chloride composition is straightforward to achieve blue emission, practical implementation of this strategy has been challenging due to poor colour stability and severe photoluminescence quenching. Both detrimental effects become increasingly prominent in perovskites with the high chloride content needed to produce blue emission. Here, we solve these critical challenges in mixed halide perovskites and demonstrate spectrally stable blue perovskite light-emitting diodes over a wide range of emission wavelengths from 490 to 451 nanometres. The emission colour is directly tuned by modifying the halide composition. Particularly, our blue and deep-blue light-emitting diodes based on three-dimensional perovskites show high EQE values of 11.0% and 5.5% with emission peaks at 477 and 467 nm, respectively. These achievements are enabled by a vapour-assisted crystallization technique, which largely mitigates local compositional heterogeneity and ion migration.
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- Karlsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Role of chloride on the instability of blue emitting mixed-halide perovskites
- 2023
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS. - : HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS. - 2095-2759. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have seen unprecedented development in device efficiency over the past decade, they suffer significantly from poor operational stability. This is especially true for blue PeLEDs, whose operational lifetime remains orders of magnitude behind their green and red counterparts. Here, we systematically investigate this efficiency-stability discrepancy in a series of green- to blue-emitting PeLEDs based on mixed Br/Cl-perovskites. We find that chloride incorporation, while having only a limited impact on efficiency, detrimentally affects device stability even in small amounts. Device lifetime drops exponentially with increasing Cl-content, accompanied by an increased rate of change in electrical properties during operation. We ascribe this phenomenon to an increased mobility of halogen ions in the mixed-halide lattice due to an increased chemically and structurally disordered landscape with reduced migration barriers. Our results indicate that the stability enhancement for PeLEDs might require different strategies from those used for improving efficiency.
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- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 10. |
- Li, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Novel AQP2 Mutations and Clinical Characteristics in Seven Chinese Families With Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2392. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Mutations in AQP2 (aquaporin-2) lead to rare congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which has been limitedly studied in Chinese population.Methods: Twenty-five subjects from seven families with NDI in a department (Beijing, PUMCH) were screened for AQP2 mutations. Clinical characteristics were described and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis was performed.Results: We identified 9 AQP2 mutations in 13 patients with NDI, including 3 novel AQP2 mutations (p.G165D, p.Q255RfsTer72 and IVS3-3delC). Missense mutations were the most common mutation type, followed by splicing mutations, and frameshift mutations caused by small deletion or insertion. The onset-age in our patients was younger than 1 year old. Common manifestations included polydipsia, polyuria (7/7) and intermittent fever (6/7). Less common presentations included short stature (3/7) and mental impairment (1/7). High osmotic hypernatremia and low osmotic urine were the main biochemical features. Dilation of the urinary tract was a common complication of NDI (3/6). Level of serum sodium in NDI patients with compound het AQP2 mutations was higher than non-compound het mutations.Conclusion: In the first and largest case series of NDI caused by AQP2 mutation in Chinese population, we identified 9 AQP2 mutations, including 3 novel mutations. Phenotype was found to correlate with genotypes, revealed by higher level of serum sodium in patients with compound het AQP2 mutations than non-compound het mutations. This knowledge broadens genotypic and phenotypic spectrum for rare congenital NDI and provided basis for studying molecular biology of AQP2.
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