| 1. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories - A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2662-6500 .- 2662-6497. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 305-313
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have learnt several lessons from the Nordic countries. The management of natural resources can explain a notable part of their success, but it would be naive to extract from the chapters in this book a recipe laying out a path to success for countries with abundant natural resources.
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| 2. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Weak Sustainability Trends in the Andean and Nordic Countries: A Historical Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories - A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 257-278
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter traces the main sustainability trends of the five countries analyzed in this book. The starting point is to understand sustainability as main measure of development, diminishing the role of GDP or Income. In order to address these concerns the chapter utilizes mainstream indicators such as NaturalResources Intensity and energy consumption, and adding new comprehensive measures of development, namely Genuine Savings and Natural capital as in Blum et al. (National wealth what is missing, why it matters. Oxford University Press, 2017). The first part of the chapter presents a brief debate on what meanssustainability in historical perspective and how it’s related with the divergent paths between Andean and Nordic countries. The second part has a quantitative account on Natural resources (as share on GNI) and a comparison between the available long run estimations of GS for Chile and Sweden. This synopsis showsthe main gap between both regions in their approaches to sustainability in the long run.
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| 3. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories - A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2662-6500 .- 2662-6497. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 1-8
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a flourishing use of long-term analysis around the economic challenges generated by natural resources exploitation (Badia-Miró et al., 2015; Bebbington et al., 2018; Mosley, 2017).
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| 4. |
- Peres-Cajías, José, et al.
(författare)
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The "fiscal contract" in Andean and Nordic countries, 1850-2010
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories - A comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 113-141
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ducoing, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Copper Prices and Heterogeneity: The Chilean and Norwegian Cases, 1850–1913
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural Resources and Divergence : A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories - A Comparison of Andean and Nordic Trajectories. - 9783030710439 - 9783030710446 ; , s. 41-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a first approach to the comparison between the Andean and the Nordic countries, it is their specialisation on natural resource exportation. But even though both regions exported similar commodities at the beginning of the nineteenth century, how similar were they really? In this article, we analyse thecopper exportation of Chile and Norway in order to see small differences that can have made a difference in the long-run evolution of these two countries. We review the international copper price indices available in the literature and we compare them with a new data set, from the Official Foreign Trade statistics ofthese two relevant copper producers, Chile and Norway. This data includes information on value-added and price/volume indicators incorporating differences in varieties, qualities and transport costs. Our main contribution is that if the previous series are based on the assumption that copper is a homogeneous and standard product, and therefore it has one single international price, in the real world many different qualities as well as levels of processing were included into the production of each particular country, changing it also over time. Those varieties of copper would have mattered crucially for its implications on growth. The deepest knowledge on commodity price formation would improve forecasting for development policies on the mining sector.
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| 7. |
- Badia-Miró, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Behind copper prices: a historical perspective 1850 - 1950
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Commodity prices and their secular trends are at the core of many different development theories, particularly relevant for the Latin American region, like the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis, the natural resource curse theory or the somehow malthusian scarcity prediction. In this article we review the international copper price indices available in the literature and we compare them with a new data set, elaborated from the Official Foreign Trade statistics of one of the main copper producers (Chile) This data has included information on value added and several price/volume indicators allowing to elaborate a more accurate copper price estimation in the long run. This information will enhance our knowledge on commodity prices, mineral trends and structural change.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Different Drivers Behind Corporate Environmental Policies: The Case of the Swedish and Chilean Copper Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Natural resources and divergence: a comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories.. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 279-303, s. 279-303
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter represents a comparative study of the emergence of environmental policies in the Chilean and Swedish copper industry. The chapter identifies a number of key factors which helps to explain dissimilar characteristics of actions to protect the environment in both countries as well as the timing for these actions. One key difference identified—besides obvious factors such as income levels, political systems and dependency of foreign direct investments—concerns the very drivers behind the greening of the industry. While governmental regulation developing from the 1960s represented the primary driver behind the green transformation of Swedish copper industry, it took until the 1990s before the Chilean copper companies started to adopt their first environmental policies ahead of regulation, and called for the Chilean government to act. We suggest that this happened as globalisation took hold from the early 1990s, and foreign companies operating in Chile demanded environmental standards that harmonised with those in the Western world, at the same time as the Chilean industry needed to enhance an environmental reputation in the global market. Thus, while the Swedish industry was much driven by national regulation to invest in cleaner technologies, it was the pressure from globalisation that drove the Chilean industry to clean up their acts.
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| 10. |
- Blum, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A Sustainable Century? : Genuine Savings in developing and developed countries, 1900-2000
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter traces the long-run development of Genuine Savings (GS) using a panel of eleven countries during the twentieth century. This panel covers a number of developed countries (Great Britain, Germany,Switzerland, France, the US, and Australia) as well as a set of resource-abundant countries in Latin America(Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico). These countries represent approximately 50 percentof the world’s output in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 1950, and include large economies and small open economies, and resource-rich and resource-scarce countries, thus allowing us to compare their historical experiences. Components of GS considered include physical and human capital as well asresource extraction and pollution damages. Generally, we find evidence of positive GS over the course of the twentieth century, although the two World Wars and the Great Depression left considerable marks. Also, we found striking differences between Latin American and developed countries when Total Factor Productivity(TFP) is included; this could be a signal of natural resource curse or technological gaps unnoticed in previous works
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