| 1. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(författare)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 2. |
- Luomala, Matti J., et al.
(författare)
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Adding a cooling vest during cycling improves performance in warm and humid conditions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565. ; 37:1, s. 47-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that warm and humid environment reduces human physical performance. The present study examined whether the use of an ice-vest in such conditions can improve cycling performance. Seven participants cycled with consecutive, non-stop, 10-minute cycles of nine minutes at 60% of their (V) over dot O-2 max punctuated by a one-minute sprint at 80% (V) over dot O-2 max. The cycling protocol was continuously repeated until exhaustion. The protocol was performed with the ice-vest (ICE), worn after 30 min of cycling, and without the ice-vest throughout the protocol (CON). Ventilatory and thermal responses were continuously recorded. Electromyographic (EMG) signals from four muscles of the dominant leg were recorded over one minute, and subjective sensations were evaluated at 10-minute intervals. At exhaustion, the exercise time was recorded. Exercise time improved significantly while wearing the ice-vest from 61 min and 29 s to 74 min and 14 s (+21.5% +/- 7.6: p <0.05). Mean power frequency and amplitude of the EMG revealed decreased neuromuscular fatigue during ICE compared to CON. Ventilatory responses indicated a tendency towards lower ventilation, respiratory quotient was significantly lower and both thermal parameters and subjective sensations indicated lower thermal strain during ICE in comparison to CON. These results suggest that wearing an ice-vest during cycling in warm and humid conditions decreases thermal and physical strain, thereby improving cycling performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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