| 1. |
- Arzt, E., et al.
(författare)
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Practical applications of hotisostatic Pressing diagrams: Four case studies
- 1983
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Ingår i: Metallurgical Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - 0360-2133. ; 14:1, s. 211-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction of mechanism maps for hot-isostatic pressing is described. Maps are constructed for a number of materials of commercial and scientific interest: a tool steel, a superalloy, Al2O3, and ice. They allow the processes involved in hot-isostatic pressing to be examined, and suggest ways of picking optimum combinations of pressure, temperature, and time to give maximum density.
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| 2. |
- Ashby, M.F., et al.
(författare)
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The fracture and toughness of woods
- 1985
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and physical sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0080-4630. ; 398:1815, s. 261-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crack propagation in various woods has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the observations related to measurements of fracture toughness. It is found that the toughness is related in a simple way to the density of the wood, which is explained by a straightforward model. The apparent fracture toughness of wood for cracks that lie normal to the grain is larger, by a factor of about 10, than that for cracks which propagate parallel to the grain. This difference can be explained in terms of the fracture mechanics of very anisotropic solids
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Laser hardening of steel
- 1984
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Ingår i: Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0444009019 ; , s. 789-793
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative STEM chemical analysis
- 1978
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Ingår i: Scanning electron microscopy. - AMF O'Hare, Ill : Scanning Electron Microscopy, Inc.. ; , s. 655-662
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative STEM microanalysis
- 1978
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy. - 0371-0459 .- 1600-0692. ; 7:2, s. 57-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Easterling, K.E.
(författare)
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Metallurgical applications of scanning transmission electron microscopy
- 1977
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 12:5, s. 857-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) has followed two main lines of development, the pure STEM based upon a field emission electron source in which the emphasis is given to high resolution, and a combined system in which STEM is an attachment to a conventional transmission microscope (TEM+STEM). When used in combination with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, the combined TEM+STEM system is shown to be extremely versatile and possibly the more useful for the applied metallurgist. The high vacuum requirements of pure STEM, however, make this system suitable to be used in conjunction with an Auger spectrometer. Examples of the various microanalysis facilities of STEM are given in the article, including micro-diffraction, rocking-beam channelling patterns, qualitative and quantitative X-ray spectroscopy analysis, particle analysis, and in situ experimentation. The controversial subject of whether thicker specimens can be studied in STEM compared with conventional TEM is also discussed
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| 8. |
- Easterling, K. E., et al.
(författare)
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Metallurgical case studies for engineering students
- 1973
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Ingår i: Metals and Materials. - 0026-0940. ; 7:10, s. 452-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The course described attempts to help engineering students adapt themselves to solving problems typically encountered in the metals industries
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| 9. |
- Easterling, K.E., et al.
(författare)
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On the growth of martensite in steel
- 1980
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Ingår i: Acta Metallurgica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6160. ; 28:9, s. 1229-1234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Criteria based on minimum energy and maximum stress considerations have been developed for the first stages of growth of martensite in steel. It is shown that the critical size of nucleus at which dislocation-assisted growth can occur is about 25 nm diameter. The mode of growth governing low carbon lath martensite forming on {111} austenite habit planes is found to be fundamentally different from that of plate martensite which forms on irrational habit planes. A mechanism for lath thickening and growth is advanced in which dislocations nucleate at the thickest section of the lath and then follow after the coherent leading edge of the lath to generate ledges. Plate growth on the other hand can occur by the formation of twins which nucleate and thicken laterally behind the coherent leading edge of the plate.
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| 10. |
- Easterling, K.E., et al.
(författare)
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On the mechanics of balsa and other woods
- 1982
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and physical sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0080-4630. ; 383:1784, s. 31-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of balsa wood has been characterized by scanning microscopy. The moduli and crushing strengths of the wood, in three orthogonal directions, have been related to the structure and its reponse to load: during deformation the cell walls bend elastically and collapse plastically or by fracture. It is found that the moduli, crushing strengths and anisotropy of balsa and of other wood are determined, in part, by the properties of the cell-wall material, and, in part, by the dimensions and shape of the cells themselves.
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