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- Cordain, L, et al.
(författare)
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Acne vulgaris - A disease of western civilization
- 2002
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Ingår i: Archives of Dermatology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-987X. ; 138:12, s. 1584-1590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In westernized societies, acne vulgaris is a nearly universal skin disease afflicting 79% to 95% of the adolescent population. In men and women older than 25 years, 40% to 54% have some degree of facial acne, and clinical facial acne persists into middle age in 12% of women and 3% of men. Epidemiological evidence suggests that acne incidence rates are considerably lower in nonwesternized societies. Herein we report the prevalence of acne in 2 nonwesternized populations: the Kitavan Islanders of Papua New Guinea and the Ache hunter-gatherers of Paraguay. Additionally, we analyze how elements in nonwesternized environments may influence the development of acne. Observations: Of 1200 Kitavan subjects examined (including 300 aged 15-25 years), no case of acne (grade I with multiple comedones or grades 2-4) was observed. Of 115 Ache subjects examined (including 15 aged 15-25 years) over 843 days, no case of active acne (grades 1-4) was observed. Conclusions: The astonishing difference in acne incidence rates between nonwesternized and fully modernized societies cannot be solely attributed to genetic differences among populations but likely results from differing environmental factors. identification of these factors may be useful in the treatment of acne in Western populations.
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- Cordain, L, et al.
(författare)
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An evolutionary analysis of the aetiology and pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 80:2, s. 125-135
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The available evidence suggests that both genes and environment play a crucial role in the development of juvenile-onset myopia. When the human visual system is examined from an evolutionary perspective, it becomes apparent that humans, living in the original environmental niche for which our species is genetically adapted (as hunter-gatherers), are either slightly hypermetropic or emmetropic and rarely develop myopia. Myopia occurs when novel environmental conditions associated with modern civilization are introduced into the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. The excessive near work of reading is most frequently cited as the main environmental stressor underlying the development of myopia. In this review we point out how a previously unrecognized diet-related malady (chronic hyperinsulinaemia) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia because of its interaction with hormonal regulation of vitreal chamber growth.
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- Cordain, L, et al.
(författare)
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Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 1938-3207. ; 81:2, s. 341-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is growing awareness that the profound changes in the environment (eg, in diet and other lifestyle conditions) that began with the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry approximate to10 000 y ago occurred too recently on an evolutionary time scale for the human genome to adjust. In conjunction with this discordance between our ancient, genetically determined biology and the nutritional, cultural, and activity patterns of contemporary Western populations, many of the so-called diseases of civilization have emerged. In particular, food staples and food-processing procedures introduced during the Neolithic and Industrial Periods have fundamentally altered 7 crucial nutritional characteristics of ancestral hominin diets: 1) glycemic load, 2) fatty acid composition, 3) macronutrient composition, 4) micronutrient density, 5) acid-base balance, 6) sodium-potassium ratio, and 7) fiber content. The evolutionary collision of our ancient genome with the nutritional qualities of recently introduced foods may underlie many of the chronic diseases of Western civilization.
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