| 1. |
- Arnberg, HW, et al.
(författare)
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Störningar hos människan från vibrationer i byggnader : Förslag till ett kombinerat simulator- och fältförsök
- 1983
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten ges en genomgång av de aspekter som kan läggas på människans störningsbenägenhet av infraljud, buller och vibrationer i byggnader. Vidare behandlas de fysiologiska mätmetoder som kan bli aktuella vid registrering av människans upplevelse av buller och vibrationer. Rapporten behandlar i första hand vägtrafikinducerade störningar. I rapporten beskrivs också den vibrationssimulator som har uppbyggts. Några försök med sängar och kuddars överföringsfunktioner samt ett sömnförsök beskrivs. Försökspersoner får sova samtidigt som de har utsatts för olika vibrations- och ljudnivåer. Försöksperso- nernas sömnmönster registreras via EEG (hjärnvågor), EMG (muskelaktivitet) och EOG (ögonrörelser). Detta sker för att kunna fastställa nivåer där sömnstörningar inträder.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Baureus Koch, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between weak low frequency magnetic fields and cell membranes.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bioelectromagnetics. - : Wiley. - 0197-8462. ; 24:6, s. 395-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question of whether very weak low frequency magnetic fields can affect biological systems, has attracted attention by many research groups for quite some time. Still, today, the theoretical possibility of such an interaction is often questioned and the site of interaction in the cell is unknown. In the present study, the influence of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on the transport of Ca2+ was studied in a biological system consisting of highly purified plasma membrane vesicles. We tested two quantum mechanical theoretical models that assume that biologically active ions can be bound to a channel protein and influence the opening state of the channel. Vesicles were exposed for 30 min at 32 °C and the calcium efflux was studied using radioactive 45Ca as a tracer. Static magnetic fields ranging from 27 to 37 T and time varying magnetic fields with frequencies between 7 and 72 Hz and amplitudes between 13 and 114 T (peak) were used. We show that suitable combinations of static and time varying magnetic fields directly interact with the Ca2+ channel protein in the cell membrane, and we could quantitatively confirm the model proposed by Blanchard. Bioelectromagnetics 24:395-402, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 4. |
- Eberhardt, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Blood-brain barrier permeability and nerve cell damage in rat brain 14 and 28 days after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1536-8386 .- 1536-8378. ; 27:3, s. 215-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the effects of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and signs of neuronal damage in rats using a real GSM programmable mobile phone in the 900 MHz band. Ninety-six non-anaesthetized rats were either exposed to microwaves or sham exposed in TEM-cells for 2 h at specific absorption rates of average whole-body Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) of 0.12, 1.2, 12, or 120 mW/kg. The rats were sacrificed after a recovery time of either 14 or 28 d, following exposure and the extravazation of albumin, its uptake into neurons, and occurrence of damaged neurons was assessed. Albumin extravazation and also its uptake into neurons was seen to be enhanced after 14 d (Kruskal Wallis test: p = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively), but not after a 28 d recovery period. The occurrence of dark neurons in the rat brains, on the other hand, was enhanced later, after 28 d (p = 0.02). Furthermore, in the 28-d brain samples, neuronal albumin uptake was significantly correlated to occurrence of damaged neurons (Spearman r = 0.41; p < 0.01).
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| 5. |
- Eberhardt, Jacob L, et al.
(författare)
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The Disturbance by Road Traffic Noise of the Sleep of Young Male Adults as Recorded in the Home
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - 0022-460X. ; 114:3, s. 417-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary effects of road traffic noise on sleep, as derived from EEG, EOG, and EMG, were studied for seven young males (aged 21–27) in their homes along roads with heavy traffic during the night. A more quiet experimental condition was obtained by mounting sound-insulating material in the window openings, thus reducing the interiors noise level by an average of 8 dB(A). The present investigation shows that the subjects had not become completely habituated to the noise, although they had lived at least a year at their residences. The noise reduction caused an earlier onset and a prolonged duration of slow was sleep. No effects on REM sleep were seen. The subjective sleep quality was significantly correlated to the noise dose. The equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) did not give the most adequate noise dose description. Better characterizations of the noise exposure were found in the number of car per night producing maximum sound pressure levels exceeding 50 or 55 dB(A) in the bedroom. Arousal reactions of type “body movements” and “changes towards lighter sleep” were induced by the noise of car passage but the percentage of cars inducing an effect was only <2% and <0•2% for the two types of reactions, respectively. The number of spontaneous body movements and sleep stage changes per night showed an increase during the more quiet nights as compared to the noisy nights. The sensitivity to arousal reactions was significantly lower in the present field study than the in the laboratory experiments. A description of the continuous sleep process by a few distinct “sleep stages” is too crude a tool for the detection of the rather subtle changes in the sleeping pattern caused by noise. In the present study an increased sensitivity in the analysis was obtained by dividing stage 2 into three substages.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eberhardt, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Trafikbullers inverkan på sömnen hos unga och äldre män
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trafikbullers inverkan på sömnen har undersökts medelst EEG-, EOG- och EMG-registreringar på sju unga män (21-27 år) och sex äldre män (63-74 år) i deras vanliga hemmiljö längs hårt trafikerade vägar (trafikintensitet cirka 450 fordonspassager med toppbullernivå överstigande 40 dB (A) per natt). Effekten av dämpning (cirka 10 dB (A)) av inomhusbullret genom montering av ljudisolerande plattor i fönsteröppningarna studerades. För unga män ökade andelen djup sömn (orto-3, -4) när ljudnivån i sovrummet sänktes med 10 dB (A). Dessutom ökade tiden i orto-23-sömn signifikant under nattens senare del. Effekten av bullerdämpningen för äldre män var huvudsakligen en minskning av insomningstiden samt en minskning av vakentiden under natten. Båda grupperna försökspersoner kom tidigare i djup orto-4-sömn under nätter med dämpning. För båda grupperna konstaterades en paradoxal ökning av antalet skift per natt mellan olika sömnstadier när ljudnivån sänktes. Likaså ökade antalet muskeltonushöjningar under nätter med dämpning. Det kunde med 95% signifikans påvisas att både sömnstadieskift till mindre djup sömn och muskeltonushöjningar förekommer som akuta svar på enstaka fordonspassager, dock är dessa akuta störningar så fåtaliga att de är försumbara jämfört med de sömnstadieskift och muskeltonushöjningar som inte är korrelerade till fordonspassager. En morgonenkät visade inte att unga män upplevde sömnen som bättre efter dämpning av ljudet i sovrummet, men de uppgav oftare att de inte hade vaknat någon gång under natten. Äldre män däremot uppgav att de sovit bättre, somnat lättare och känt sig mera utvilade efter nätter med dämpning.
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| 8. |
- Grafström, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-9230. ; 77, s. 257-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to mimic the real life situation, with often life-long exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, we have investigated in a rat model the effects of repeated exposures under a long period to Global System for Mobile Communication-900MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed once weekly in a 2-h period, for totally 55 weeks, at different average whole-body specific absorption rates (SAR) (of in average 0.6 and 60mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period). The animals were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber (TEM-cell) to radiation emitted by a GSM-900 test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After behavioural tests, 5-7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were evaluated for histopathological alterations such as albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation and signs of cytoskeletal and neuritic neuronal changes of the type seen in human ageing. In this study, no significant alteration of any these histopathological parameters was found, when comparing the GSM exposed animals to the sham exposed controls.
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| 9. |
- Halgamuge, Malka N., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison Between Two Models for Interactions Between Electric and Magnetic Fields and Proteins in Cell Membranes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Engineering Science. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1092-8758 .- 1557-9018. ; 26:10, s. 1473-1480
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations on exposure to electromagnetic have generated conflicting results both in epidemiological and laboratory studies, leaving their possible health consequences largely inconclusive. One of the well-reported reasons for the discrepancies is that there is no generally accepted theory to describe the interactions between the very weak electromagnetic fields and the living cells. This work presents a critical evaluation of three theories that describes the effects of weak electromagnetic fields on channel proteins in the cell membrane. The forced ion vibration model appears to explain the opening of ion channel proteins for exposures to low-frequency magnetic fields in the mili-Tesla range. No resonance frequencies or amplitude window effects are predicted in this method. We identify inconsistencies in the forced vibration model and show that the environmental magnetic fields that would be required to elicit opening of channel proteins are much stronger than predicted by the proposers of this model. The Ion Parametric Resonance model predicts a biological response at well-defined resonance frequencies for magnetic fields exceeding about 10 micro-Tesla. The oscillating magnetic field is assumed to act on proteins together with the earth's static magnetic field. This model predicts amplitude windows. We explain how a purely magnetic interaction, where in a two-stage ion magnetic resonance model, the conformation of a protein is changed under the influence of ions attached to its surface, which in turn, changes the function of the protein, can overcome the inherent signal-to-noise problem caused by electric thermal noise. The hydrogen nuclear polarization model predicts a biological response for oscillating magnetic field strengths above 0.1 micro-Tesla. The presence of a static magnetic field is required, and biological effects can be expected for frequencies below a few hundred hertz. All models except the forced vibration model can be applied for amplitude modulated microwaves.
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| 10. |
- Halgamuge, Malka N., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Growth of Soybean Seedlings After Exposure to Weak Microwave Radiation From GSM 900 Mobile Phone and Base Station
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioelectromagnetics. - 0197-8462. ; 36:2, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to study possible effects of environmental radiation pollution on plants. The association between cellular telephone (short duration, higher amplitude) and base station (long duration, very low amplitude) radiation exposure and the growth rate of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings was investigated. Soybean seedlings, pre-grown for 4 days, were exposed in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell for 2h to global system for mobile communication (GSM) mobile phone pulsed radiation or continuous wave (CW) radiation at 900MHz with amplitudes of 5.7 and 41Vm(-1), and outgrowth was studied one week after exposure. The exposure to higher amplitude (41Vm(-1)) GSM radiation resulted in diminished outgrowth of the epicotyl. The exposure to lower amplitude (5.7Vm(-1)) GSM radiation did not influence outgrowth of epicotyl, hypocotyls, or roots. The exposure to higher amplitude CW radiation resulted in reduced outgrowth of the roots whereas lower CW exposure resulted in a reduced outgrowth of the hypocotyl. Soybean seedlings were also exposed for 5 days to an extremely low level of radiation (GSM 900MHz, 0.56Vm(-1)) and outgrowth was studied 2 days later. Growth of epicotyl and hypocotyl was found to be reduced, whereas the outgrowth of roots was stimulated. Our findings indicate that the observed effects were significantly dependent on field strength as well as amplitude modulation of the applied field. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:87-95, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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