| 1. |
- Bhadani, Kanishk, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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CDIO Course Development for Faculty in Raw Materials Programmes
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 13th International CDIO Conference Proceedings, Calgary, Canada. - 1796-9964. - 9780889533998 ; , s. 315-326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, the existing MSc programmes which are linked to the thematic Raw Material content often focus mainly on technical knowledge in itself, and students graduate as professionals who know how to solve pre-defined technical problems. Students in such programmes seldom practice entrepreneurial, communication and innovation skills at a level that is needed in working life. On the other hand, the CDIO Initiative has developed a framework for modernizing engineering education by introducing such skills and thinking into the technical programmes and courses. It is widely discussed in the CDIO community that one of the constraints in implementing CDIO is faculty staff professional development. CDIO standards 9 and 10 focus on the faculty development and competencies both in terms of pedagogic as well as learning methods to deal with personal and interpersonal skills, and product, process, and system building skills. In order to bring a change and implement CDIO into the Raw Materials programmes in Europe, a modular course for training in CDIO was developed and delivered for the faculty member in the Raw Materials sector. This paper accounts for the development of the faculty training course, and provides a unique perspective on the implementation of CDIO into raw materials related programmes capturing the different models of implementation from different universities’ programmes and courses. The various universities involved provide programmes and courses across the entire value chain of raw materials from mining and minerals processing to materials design, sustainability and recycling. This paper will serve as a reference for the educators to develop and implement CDIO education methods in specific disciplines as illustrated here in the field of raw materials related programmes.
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| 2. |
- Edbladh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Early regeneration in vitro of adult mouse sciatic axons is dependent on local protein synthesis but may not involve neurotrophins
- 1994
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 168:1-2, s. 37-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensory axons of the adult mouse sciatic nerve were shown to regenerate after a local test crush lesion in vitro in a serum-free medium. The average outgrowth distance of the leading axons after culturing for 3 days was 2.8 ± 0.1 mm, which was shorter than in vivo (3.8 ± 0.2 mm). With the use of a compartmentalised culture system we could show that regeneration was partially dependent on local protein synthesis in the injury region. The initial stages of regeneration did not seem to involve neurotrophins since both K252a and K252b, selective and nontoxic inhibitors of the neurotrophin actions, failed to inhibit axonal growth. The present in vitro model system offers favourable conditions to investigate the early events of the regeneration process in an adult mammalian peripheral nerve.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Susanna K, et al.
(författare)
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A versatile photoelectron spectrometer for pressures up to 30 mbar
- 2014
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 85:7, s. 075119-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy is a rapidly developing technique with applications in a wide range of fields ranging from fundamental surface science and catalysis to energy materials, environmental science, and biology. At present the majority of the high-pressure photoelectron spectrometers are situated at synchrotron end stations, but recently a small number of laboratory-based setups have also emerged. In this paper we discuss the design and performance of a new laboratory based high pressure photoelectron spectrometer equipped with an Al Ka X-ray anode and a hemispherical electron energy analyzer combined with a differentially pumped electrostatic lens. The instrument is demonstrated to be capable of measuring core level spectra at pressures up to 30 mbar. Moreover, valence band spectra of a silver sample as well as a carbon-coated surface (graphene) recorded under a 2 mbar nitrogen atmosphere are presented, demonstrating the versatility of this laboratory-based spectrometer.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking Down a Complex System : Interpreting PES Peak Positions for Cycled Li-ion Battery Electrodes
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121, s. 27303-27312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is an important technique for tracing and understanding the side reactions responsible for decreasing performance of Li-ion batteries. Interpretation of different spectral components is dependent on correct binding energy referencing and for battery electrodes this is highly complex. In this work, we investigate the effect on binding energy reference points in PES in correlation to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, changing electrode potentials and state of charge variations in Li-ion battery electrodes. The results show that components in the SEI have a significantly different binding energy reference point relative to the bulk electrode material (i.e. up to 2 eV). It is also shown that electrode components with electronically insulating/semi-conducting nature are shifted as a function of electrode potential relative to highly conducting materials. Further, spectral changes due to lithiation are highly depending on the nature of the active material and its lithiation mechanism. Finally, a strategy for planning and evaluating PES experiments on battery electrodes is proposed where some materials require careful choice of one or more internal reference points while others may be treated essentially without internal calibration.
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| 6. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the Capacity Losses Seen for Optimized Nano-Si Composite Electrodes in Li-Metal Half-Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 9:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the use of silicon‐based electrodes can increase the capacity of Li‐ion batteries considerably, their application is associated with significant capacity losses. In this work, the influences of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, volume expansion, and lithium trapping are evaluated for two different electrochemical cycling schemes using lithium‐metal half‐cells containing silicon nanoparticle–based composite electrodes. Lithium trapping, caused by incomplete delithiation, is demonstrated to be the main reason for the capacity loss while SEI formation and dissolution affect the accumulated capacity loss due to a decreased coulombic efficiency. The capacity losses can be explained by the increasing lithium concentration in the electrode causing a decreasing lithiation potential and the lithiation cut‐off limit being reached faster. A lithium‐to‐silicon atomic ratio of 3.28 is found for a silicon electrode after 650 cycles using 1200 mAhg−1 capacity limited cycling. The results further show that the lithiation step is the capacity‐limiting step and that the capacity losses can be minimized by increasing the efficiency of the delithiation step via the inclusion of constant voltage delithiation steps. Lithium trapping due to incomplete delithiation consequently constitutes a very important capacity loss phenomenon for silicon composite electrodes.
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| 7. |
- Luo, Kun, et al.
(författare)
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Charge-compensation in 3d-transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Chemistry. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 8:7, s. 684-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the charging and discharging of lithium-ion-battery cathodes through the de-and reintercalation of lithium ions, electroneutrality is maintained by transition-metal redox chemistry, which limits the charge that can be stored. However, for some transition-metal oxides this limit can be broken and oxygen loss and/or oxygen redox reactions have been proposed to explain the phenomenon. We present operando mass spectrometry of O-18-labelled Li-1.2[Ni0.132+Co0.133+Mn0.544+]O-2, which demonstrates that oxygen is extracted from the lattice on charging a Li-1.2[Ni0.132+Co0.133+Mn0.544+]O-2 cathode, although we detected no O-2 evolution. Combined soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that, in addition to oxygen loss, Li+ removal is charge compensated by the formation of localized electron holes on O atoms coordinated by Mn4+ and Li+ ions, which serve to promote the localization, and not the formation, of true O-2(2-)( peroxide, O-O similar to 1.45 angstrom) species. The quantity of charge compensated by oxygen removal and by the formation of electron holes on the O atoms is estimated, and for the case described here the latter dominates.
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| 8. |
- Mensah, Rhoda Afriyie, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of infill density on the fire properties of polylactic acid 3D printed parts: A short communication
- 2022
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Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of 3D printing technology for manufacturing construction materials is gaining popularity, however, only a few studies have reported the fire behavior of such parts. In this research, the fire properties of 3D printed polylactide acid (PLA) parts with varying infill densities along with the tensile properties were analysed. The results from the fire tests showed that increasing the infill density increased the fuel load, which sustained combustion. Hence, the peak heat release rate and total heat release increased with an increment in infill density percentage. It was also observed that the increasing infill density had no effect on the flammability rating of the parts due to the constant shell thickness used for all the parts. In addition, the tensile strength and ductility of the parts increased with density as a porous part is more susceptible to failure than a solid homogeneous part.
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| 9. |
- Naylor, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Stabilization of Li-Rich Disordered Rocksalt Oxyfluoride Cathodes by Particle Surface Modification
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2574-0962. ; 3:6, s. 5937-5948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Promising theoretical capacities and high voltages are offered by Li-rich disordered rocksalt oxyfluoride materials as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, as has been discovered for many other Li-rich materials, the oxyfluorides suffer from extensive surface degradation, leading to severe capacity fading. In the case of Li2VO2F, we have previously determined this to be a result of detrimental reactions between an unstable surface layer and the organic electrolyte. Herein, we present the protection of Li2VO2F particles with AIF(3) surface modification, resulting in a much-enhanced capacity retention over 50 cycles. While the specific capacity for the untreated material drops below 100 mA h g(-1) after only 50 cycles, the treated materials retain almost 200 mA h g(-1) . Photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling confirms the stabilization of the active material surface by the surface modification and reveals its suppression of electrolyte decomposition.
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| 10. |
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