| 1. |
- Bentley, Michael J., et al.
(författare)
-
A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 100, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse la. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community.
|
|
| 2. |
- Larter, Robert D., et al.
(författare)
-
Reconstruction of changes in the Amundsen Sea and BellingshausenSea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last GlacialMaximum
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 100, s. 56-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine and terrestrial geological and marine geophysical data that constrain deglaciation since the LastGlacial Maximum (LGM) of the sector of theWest Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) draining into the AmundsenSea and Bellingshausen Sea have been collated and used as the basis for a set of time-slice reconstructions.The drainage basins in these sectors constitute a little more than one-quarter of the area ofthe WAIS, but account for about one-third of its surface accumulation. Their mass balance is becomingincreasingly negative, and therefore they account for an even larger fraction of currentWAIS discharge. Ifall of the ice in these sectors of the WAIS were discharged to the ocean, global sea level would rise byca 2 m.There is compelling evidence that grounding lines of palaeo-ice streams were at, or close to, thecontinental shelf edge along the Amundsen Sea and Bellingshausen Sea margins during the last glacialperiod. However, the few cosmogenic surface exposure ages and ice core data available from the interiorofWest Antarctica indicate that ice surface elevations there have changed little since the LGM. In the fewareas from which cosmogenic surface exposure ages have been determined near the margin of the icesheet, they generally suggest that there has been a gradual decrease in ice surface elevation since pre-Holocene times. Radiocarbon dates from glacimarine and the earliest seasonally open marine sedimentsin continental shelf cores that have been interpreted as providing approximate ages for post-LGMgrounding-line retreat indicate different trajectories of palaeo-ice stream recession in the Amundsen Seaand Bellingshausen Sea embayments. The areas were probably subject to similar oceanic, atmosphericand eustatic forcing, in which case the differences are probably largely a consequence of how topographicand geological factors have affected ice flow, and of topographic influences on snow accumulation andwarm water inflow across the continental shelf.Pauses in ice retreat are recorded where there are “bottle necks” in cross-shelf troughs in both embayments.The highest retreat rates presently constrained by radiocarbon dates from sediment cores arefound where the grounding line retreated across deep basins on the inner shelf in the Amundsen Sea,which is consistent with the marine ice sheet instability hypothesis. Deglacial ages from the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) and Eltanin Bay (southern Bellingshausen Sea) indicate that the ice sheet hadalready retreated close to its modern limits by early Holocene time, which suggests that the rapid icethinning, flow acceleration, and grounding line retreat observed in this sector over recent decades areunusual in the context of the past 10,000 years.
|
|
| 3. |
- Valli, Katja, et al.
(författare)
-
Can observers link dream content to behaviours in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder? : A cross-sectional experimental pilot study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 21:1, s. 21-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motor activity in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) has been linked to dream content. Systematic and controlled sleep laboratory studies directly assessing the relation between RBD behaviours and experienced dream content are, however, largely lacking. We aimed to investigate whether a link can be established between RBD behaviours and dream content when both are systematically sampled in a controlled setting. We investigated six patients with Parkinson syndrome and RBD who underwent 23 nights of videopolysomnographic recording during which they were awakened from REM sleep (10 min after the onset of the second and successive REM periods). Spontaneous free-worded dream reports and a structured dream questionnaire were obtained. Video recordings of motor manifestations were each combined with four dream reports, and seven judges had to match the video clip with the correctly reported dream content from a choice of four possibilities. Of the 35 REM sleep awakenings performed, a total of 17 (48.6%) motor-behavioural episodes with recalled dream content were obtained. The mean of correctly identified video-dream pairs was 39.5% (range 0100%). Our data showed that reported dream content can be linked to motor behaviours above chance level. Matching accuracy was affected mainly by the clarity of dream reports and the specific nature of movements manifest in video recordings.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
