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- Zdzalik, M., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular proteases in Staphylococcus aureus - important targets triggering immune response in vivo
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology. - 0928-8244. ; 66:2, s. 220-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteases of Staphylococcus aureus have long been considered to function as important virulence factors, although direct evidence of the role of particular enzymes remains incomplete and elusive. Here, we sought to provide a collective view of the prevalence of extracellular protease genes in genomes of commensal and pathogenic strains of S.aureus and their expression in the course of human and mouse infection. Data on V8 protease, staphopains A and B, aureolysin, and the recently described and poorly characterized group of six Spl proteases are provided. A phylogenetically diverse collection of 167 clinical isolates was analyzed, resulting in the comprehensive genetic survey of the prevalence of protease-encoding genes. No correlation between identified gene patterns with specific infections was established. Humoral response against the proteases of interest was examined in the sera derived from human patients and from a model mouse infection. The analysis suggests that at least some, if not all, tested proteases are expressed and secreted during the course of infection. Overall, the results presented in this study support the hypothesis that the secretory proteases as a group may contribute to the virulence of S.aureus.
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- Eckert, M., et al.
(författare)
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In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Oral Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2041-1006 .- 2041-1014. ; 33:3, s. 240-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK-proteases. In addition, T.forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/ peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were taken from healthy tooth and implant sites (n = 10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n = 12), and periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites (n = 10). Concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1 beta and IL-10 in GCF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Loads of P.gingivalis and T.forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by quantitative PCR, whereas gene expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. The presence of P.gingivalis and T.forsythia, as well as the level of IL-8 and IL-1, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T.forsythia, genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK-protease genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes ranged from 20.7% to 58.6% of samples (for forsylisin and miropsin-1, respectively). In comparison with the T.forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T.forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK-proteases and especially miropin, might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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- Guentsch, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cleavage of IgG1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0765 .- 0022-3484. ; 48:4, s. 458-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. Kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses IgG1 heavy chains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of IgG1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. Material and Methods GCF was obtained from nine patients with aggressive periodontitis, nine with chronic periodontitis and five periodontally healthy individuals. The bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the presence and cleavage of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined using Western blotting. Kgp levels were measured by ELISA. Results Cleaved IgG1 was identified in the GCF from 67% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and in 44% of patients with chronic periodontitis. By contrast, no cleaved IgG1 was detectable in healthy controls. No degradation of IgG2 was detected in any of the samples, regardless of health status. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in high numbers in all samples in which cleavage of IgG1 was detected (P<0.001 compared with samples with no IgG cleavage). Furthermore, high numbers of Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia were also present in these samples. The level of Kgp in the GCF correlated with the load of Porphyromonasgingivalis (r=0.425, P<0.01). The presence of Kgp (range 0.07-10.98ng/mL) was associated with proteolytic fragments of IgG1 (P<0.001). However, cleaved IgG1 was also detected in samples with no detectable Kgp. Conclusion In patients with periodontitis, cleavage of IgG1 occurs in vivo and may suppress antibody-dependent antibacterial activity in subgingival biofilms especially those colonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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