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- Moritz, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The local employment impacts of mining : an econometric analysis of job multipliers in northern Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mineral Economics. - : Springer. - 2191-2203 .- 2191-2211. ; 30:1, s. 53-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The way in which mining contributes to job opportunities in the region where it takes place has become increasingly important for the industry’s relations to the local community. The employment impacts of mining are however far from straightforward to assess. Considering these uncertainties about real-life job impacts, it is vital that there are sound assessments of these employment effects. The purpose of this paper is to apply a novel econometric approach to assess mining-induced job multipliers in the empirical context of northern Sweden. This analysis employs data on the number of employees in selected non-mining sectors and in the mining sector, respectively, and covering the relatively recent mining boom period (2003-2013). We also highlight differences across the two main mining counties in northern Sweden. The results show a positive statistical relationship between increases in the number of employees in the mining sector and changes in the number of employees in other sectors. The private services sector is particularly affected, while the industrial sector also benefits in the specific case of mining municipalities. The results also indicate relatively large inter-county differences, in turn highlighting the importance of addressing the context-specific circumstances when estimating the employment effects of mining.
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- Adey, E.A., et al.
(författare)
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Corporate social responsibility within the mining industry : case studies from across Europe and Russia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Aachen International Mining Symposia (AIMS). - Aachen : Aachen University. ; , s. 153-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responsible mining requires a company to engage with local communities throughout all stages of their operations, from exploration phases through to post mining planning. Assessment of current and potential future social impacts allows a company to maximize the positive impacts they can have on a community, whilst minimizing negative social impacts from mining. Initiating and upholding effective stakeholder relations are key to a company`s ability to obtain and maintain their "social license" to operate. The level of interaction between mining companies and stakeholders, including local communities, varies substantially between and within countries. As part of the EU funded Framework 7 "ImpactMin" Project (Impact Monitoring of Mineral Resources Exploitation), we have examined the level of community engagement in mining and related processing industries at sites across Europe, including Romania (Rosia Montana), Sweden (Kristineberg), the UK (Cornwall), Bosnia Herzegovina (Vihovici) and Russia (Karabash, Gay and Mednogorsk). These sites reflect different stages in mining and therefore reveal a diverse range of issues and differing levels of community engagement. Our aim has been to focus not only on how practice varies, but also to try to explain the complex reasons behind the relationships that exist between mining companies and different stakeholders. Findings of questionnaires undertaken across the sites (between June - October 2010), and results of interviews and focus groups of different people linked to the mining industry, will also be discussed. The expectations that "mining" communities have of their local mining company vary substantially, directly relating to what the community believes the mine company owes them. These examples highlight that the notion of corporate social responsibility in the mining sector in Europe and Russia is fluid and changes according to the differing expectations and goals of stakeholders. We will present highlights of initial results. For example, Rosia Montana Gold Corporation, in Romania, is trying to reopen closed state gold mines. They have seen international media attention relating to campaigns by NGOs to oppose the mines reopening. Our results will help reveal what samples of different stakeholder groups really think of the mines reopening. This example contrasts distinctly with a mine in Kristineberg, Sweden, where Kristineberg village was built alongside the mine. There are now distinct issues felt within the community due to the decline in the number of people employed at the mine.
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| 7. |
- Ejdemo, Thomas
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship and the Geography of Innovation : Essays on the Role of Related Variety
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The traditional view that large industrial corporations are the primary engines of innovation and economic progress has gradually been replaced by the notion that place is the key organizing platform for innovative activity in the modern knowledge economy. The geography of innovation has shown that innovative activities tend to cluster in space, due to the advantages of certain cities and regions. Recent literature suggests that a regional diversity of economic activities that are related in a cognitive or technological sense is advantageous, as it facilitates knowledge spillovers that foster positive economic outcomes. This re-specifies the traditional dichotomy between economic specialization and diversity and opens up new lines of inquiry. This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on the geography of innovation and related variety with studies that treat the relationships between related industry variety, innovation and entrepreneurship in explicit fashions, thus addressing important research gaps. The overall purpose of the thesis is therefore to examine and explain the relationship between regional related variety and regional economic change, in terms of: (a) entrepreneurship, and; (b) innovation. The thesis consists of an introductory text and five appended papers. Paper 1 provides a bibliometric study of the literature on related variety, while papers 2 to 5 provide empirical analyses that address the implications of related variety for regional economic outcomes in terms of growth, entrepreneurship and innovation. The main findings of the thesis work suggest that related variety facilitates knowledge spillovers that unlock entrepreneurial opportunities, and that knowledge spillover entrepreneurship underpins the external economies of scope that arise from related variety. In addition, the thesis finds that entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic diversification in related activities. Furthermore, findings presented in the thesis align with previous literature that has reported a positive influence of related variety on regional innovation, which indicates the presence of positive knowledge externalities that foster innovation. It is however argued that the thesis work extends on previous findings by emphasizing the function of entrepreneurship in realizing the knowledge spillover effects of related variety. The importance of entrepreneurship is further reinforced by the finding that unrelated variety in particular is associated with firm-level entrepreneurial innovation. Drawing on the notion of Knightian uncertainty, the thesis work concludes that the process of innovation may require business decisions under ‘true’ uncertainty about expected returns, particularly when combinations of unrelated knowledge are attempted as they are new and unprecedented, and such pursuits can be understood as acts of entrepreneurial innovation.
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| 8. |
- Ejdemo, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring a leading and lagging regions dichotomy : does entrepreneurship and diversity explain it?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. - : Springer. - 2192-5372. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a long debate about the role of industry structure in the literature on why some regions successfully achieve economic growth, while other regions stagnate or decline. This paper provides an empirical analysis in which we, based on a cluster analysis, develop a taxonomy for regional growth. In a second part of the study, we explore how specialization and entrepreneurship are meaningful to discriminate between the different types of regions. Our results suggest that regional entrepreneurship and industry diversity characterized by relatedness are key elements in understanding why some regions are leading while others lag behind. The suggested taxonomy is argued to contribute with a nuanced perspective that can enhance discussions about improvements of regional development policies and to further empirical analysis on the topic.
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| 9. |
- Ejdemo, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens Norrbotten : Fem scenariobeskrivningar över länets utveckling
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport utgör en framåtriktad analys av de regionala förutsättningar som rapporterats inom projektet Regional förnyelse, som finansierats av Länsstyrelsen i Norrbottens län och Luleå tekniska universitet (LTU). Utifrån de studier och rapporter som bidragit till en ökad förståelse kring länets möjligheter och utmaningar resonerar vi i den här studien om möjliga framtidsscenarier för Norrbotten. Vår målsättning är inte att förutspå den regionala utvecklingen utan att i stället lyfta fram ett antal scenarier som det regionala utvecklingsarbetet kan leda till. Syftet blir att skapa ett diskussionsunderlag som kan vara till nytta för framtida utveckling av regionala strategier såsom exempelvis den regionala utvecklingsstrategin och den regionala innovationsstrategin. Regionala strategierDen regionala utvecklingsstrategin ingår i EU:s och Sveriges strategier för hållbar tillväxt och är styrande för de mer operativa programmen i länet. Strategin binder samman planeringsprocesser som har betydelse för en hållbar tillväxt och kan därigenom underlätta samverkan inom och mellan länen. Strategin utgör och ett strategiskt underlag i förhandlingar mellan länet och regeringen och även vid överläggningar på EU-nivå.Den regionala analysen av Norrbottens förutsättningar för utveckling och potential för tillväxt resulterade i fem strategiska områden där ett antal prioriterade åtgärder anges. De största utmaningarna är den demografiska utvecklingen och den framtida kompetensförsörjningen. Avgörande för regionens tillväxt är att det finns arbetskraft och kompetens som matchar arbetslivets behov. Med en allt äldre befolkning ökar försörjningsbördan och det blir allt svårare att upprätthålla välfärden med minskade skatteunderlag.Regionala analyserEtt flertal rapporter och studier har författats inom ramarna för projektet Regional förnyelse. Näringslivsanalyser och analyser av internationell handel stödjer att det finns goda förutsättningar för tillväxt inom länets företag. Företagarna beskriver kompetensförsörjning som en av de största utmaningarna för att uppnå planerad tillväxttakt. Regionala scenarierUtifrån de regionala analyserna har fem scenarier, i form av framtidsbilder, målats upp. Avsikten med scenarierna är att beskriva hur regionala insatser och utveckling kan skapa alternativa framtider för Norrbotten. Avsikten med scenarierna är således inte att förutspå regionens framtida utveckling utan snarare peka på hur olika typer av regional utveckling kan skapa olika förutsättningar. De scenarios som diskuteras i denna rapport är:— Scenario I: Basindustriregionen— Scenario II: Kunskap, kreativitet och kommunikation som regional drivkraft— Scenario III: Förändrat globalt klimat med nya möjligheter— Scenario IV: Smart specialisering baserad på relaterad variation— Scenario V: Diversifiering efter en nationell genomsnittsmodell
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