| 1. |
- Adolfsson-Erici, Margaretha, et al.
(författare)
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Undersökning av det syntetiska sötningsmedlet sukralos med avseende på eventuella ekotoxikologiska effekter
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Två släkten av kräftdjur: Nitocra spinipes och Gammarus oceanicus resp zaddachiexponerades för sukralos i ekotoxikologiskt relevanta koncentrationer i kroniska tester. Viarbetade utifrån följande hypoteser: skalömsning hos kräftdjur störs av höga halter sukralos iomgivande vatten samt att sukralos inte biokoncentreras i exponerade organismer.Långtidsexponering resulterade i högre dödlighet hos juvenila gammarider. Sukralos syntesinte påverka skalömsningstiden för de adulta honorna i ett pre-copula experiment. Inga teckenpå biokoncentrering kunde märkas. Exponeringen av Nitocra resulterade i att de djur somexponerats för de lägre koncentrationerna av sukralos var längre jämfört med kontrolldjurenmedan för individer exponerade för de högre koncentrationerna minskade längden medökande sukraloskoncentration. De kortaste individerna återfanns i den positiva kontrollen ochhade exponerats för 50 μg/L lindan. RNA-innehållet varierade mellan exponeringarna och denvar lägst i 500μg/L och högst i 5000 μg/L exponeringen Vi fann däremot inget signifikantsamband mellan RNA-innehåll och tillväxthastighet hos Nitocra. Detta kan möjligen vara eneffekt av sukralosexponering, eftersom linjära responser från tidigare experiment har noterats.Inga skillnader avseende medelutvecklingstiden var signifikanta. Renat avloppsvatten frånHenriksalsverken innehöll relativt höga koncentrationer sukralos liksom ytvatten från trereningsverksrecipienter.
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| 2. |
- Ankerfors, Caroline
(författare)
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Polyelectrolyte complexes : their preparation, adsorption behaviour and effect on paper properties
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) has been studied using a jet mixing method not previously used for mixing polyelectrolytes. The PECs were formed from two weak polyelectrolytes, i.e., polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), with different mixing times, and the results were compared with those for PECs formed using the conventional polyelectrolyte titration method. The adsorption behaviour of the formed PECs on silicon oxide substrates and pulp fibres was analysed, and the results were compared with those for polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) prepared from the same two polyelectrolytes. The results indicated that by using the jet mixer, the size of the formed PECs could be controlled, which was not the case with the polyelectrolyte titration method. The PECs produced by jet mixing were also found to be smaller than those produced by polyelectrolyte titration. From these results, a two-step mechanism for the formation of PECs was suggested: initial precomplex formation, which is a fast and diffusion-controlled process, followed by a reconformation process, during which the vigorous mixing in the jet mixer can partially limit secondary aggregation. When the complexes were adsorbed to silicon oxide or pulp fibre surfaces, adsorption studies indicated that it was impossible to reach the same adsorption levels for PECs as for PEMs. This was explained in terms of free energy, entropical, reasons rather than to any geometric limitation of the surface. Despite the smaller amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed from the PEC treatment than from the PEM treatment of pulp fibres, the PEC treatment had the greatest effect on paper strength per adsorbed amount of polymer. This was thought to be because the three-dimensional structure of the PECs, versus the smoother structure of PEMs, allows for the formation of multiple contact points between the macroscopically rough fibres and increased molecular contact area. In the adsorption experiments, it was also found that net cationic complexes can adsorb to both anionic and cationic substrates. This phenomenon was explained by the occurrence of anionic patches on the surface of the net cationic PECs and the ability of the PECs, formed from weak polyelectrolytes, to partially change charge upon exposure to a surface of the same charge as the complex itself, due to a change of the degree of dissociation of the polyelectrolytes constituting the complex.
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| 3. |
- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2017 : Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2017
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme in marine biota. Time series of analysed contaminants (heavy metals, organochlorines, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in biota are presented together with summaries of the results from the statistical analyses. The data represent the bioavailable portion of the investigated contaminants i.e. the portion that has effectively passed through biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The report does not in general give background or explanations to significant changes found in the time series. Thus, increasing concentrations highlight the need for intensified studies. - There was no general trend in heavy metal concentrations except for lead that is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. - Generally, decreasing concentrations were observed for organochlorines (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB), also including TCDD-equivalents over the whole study period, but not during the last decades. The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast. - Increasing trends of brominated flame retardants in guillemot eggs from late 1960s until early 1990s for polybrominated diphenyl ethers such as BDE-47, -99 and -100 and until mid-2000s for HBCDD, but with decreasing concentrations during the more recent time period. The PBDEs and HBCDD show higher concentrations in the Baltic Sea compared to the Swedish west coast. - A consistently increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years a change of direction is seen.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2017 (2016 years data)
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme in marine biota.Time series of analysed contaminants (heavy metals, organochlorines, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in biota are presented together with summaries of the results from the statistical analyses. The data represent the bioavailable portion of the investigated contaminants i.e. the portion that has effectively passed through biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The report does not in general give background or explanations to significant changes found in the time series. Thus, increasing concentrations highlight the need for intensified studies.- There was no general trend in heavy metal concentrations except for lead that is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline.- Generally, decreasing concentrations were observed for organochlorines (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB), also including TCDD-equivalents over the whole study period, but not during the last decades. The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.- Increasing trends of brominated flame retardants in guillemot eggs from late 1960s until early 1990s for polybrominated diphenyl ethers such as BDE-47, -99 and -100 and until mid-2000s for HBCDD, but with decreasing concentrations during the more recent time period. The PBDEs and HBCDD show higher concentrations in the Baltic Sea compared to the Swedish west coast.- A consistently increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years a change of direction is seen.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsunderlag om möjliga icke-torskfiskerelaterade åtgärder för att torskbestånd ska bevaras och återhämta sig i svenska vatten
- 2020
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Torsk (Gadus morhua) är en viktig art för marina ekosystem i Sverige, där den har en strukturerande och reglerande funktion i relation till andra arter. Torsken har under historiens gång även spelat en viktig roll för samhället i Sverige inom dess nuvarande gränsers område (Bohuslän har t.ex. inte alltid tillhört Sverige), som en målart för fiske. Samtliga torskbestånd som återfinns i havsområdena runt Sverige har nu dålig status och det internationella havsforskningsrådet ICES rekommenderar låg eller ingen fångst, beroende på bestånd. Utöver riktat fiske påverkas dock torsken av en rad andra faktorer som exempelvis bifångster i annat fiske, syrebrist, klimatförändringar, predatorer, parasiter, bottenpåverkan av trålning, förlust av uppväxtmiljöer, födobrist, tiaminbrist och giftiga ämnen. Denna rapport diskuterar möjligheter att skydda och bevara torsken på sätt som kan komplettera begränsningar i det riktade torskfisket. Torskens situation är komplex och rapporten är därför skriven utifrån ett ekosystemperspektiv för att möjliggöra en bredare ansats i förvaltningen av torskbestånd i svenska vatten, där alla relevanta påverkansfaktorer bör beaktas. Det bör poängteras att denna rapport inte har gjort någon ny utredning av påverkansfaktorernas effekter, utan har istället gjort en litteratursammanställning och en kvalitativ analys. Vi har ändå valt att lyfta fram vissa åtgärder som särskilt potentiellt betydelsefulla - en samlad kvalitativ expertbedömning som rangordnar olika åtgärders effektivitet för återuppbyggnad per bestånd, se avsnitt 6 i rapporten.
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| 10. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Which factors can affect the productivity and dynamics of cod stocks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 223
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak (N. Europe) have been strongly exploited for decades bringing them into an enduringly depleted status. Scientific cod stock related advice for targeted and mixed fisheries is provided on an annual basis by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea. This advice forms a basis for ministerial decisions on, e.g., the total allowable catch and management plans. Despite measures to reduce fishing-induced mortality of cod, such as catch and effort restrictions, increased gear selectivity, closed areas and seasons, clear signs of recovery are yet to be seen. Thus, traditional advice for the management of these stocks may have to be complemented by advice on supporting measures focusing on other pressures hampering the recovery of cod. The present study elaborates on potential supportive measures for cod stock recovery in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, and Skagerrak (including local populations where applicable), based on current knowledge. The list of measures presented here is the outcome of in-depth discussions on the state-of-the-art knowledge, among cod experts and further with stakeholders with the aim to follow principles of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Following the identification of different pressures on and prerequisites for the separate stocks, the listed measures differ between stocks and include cod bycatch mortality reduction, alterations in fisheries affecting food sources for cod, restocking, protection of juvenile habitats, and reduced predation. The literature review and the list of measures are intended to provide decision-support for managers and policymakers aiming to provide conditions for the cod stocks to recover.
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