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- Djos, Anna, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms in a Cohort of High-Risk Neuroblastoma Tumors and Its Relation to Genomic Variants in the TERT and ATRX Genes
- 2023
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Ingår i: CANCERS. - 2072-6694. ; 15:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor cells are hallmarked by their capacity to undergo unlimited cell divisions, commonly accomplished either by mechanisms that activate TERT or through the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway. Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous pediatric cancer, and the aim of this study was to characterize telomere maintenance mechanisms in a high-risk neuroblastoma cohort. All tumor samples were profiled with SNP microarrays and, when material was available, subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Telomere length was estimated from WGS data, samples were assayed for the ALT biomarker c-circles, and selected samples were subjected to methylation array analysis. Samples with ATRX aberration in this study were positive for c-circles, whereas samples with either MYCN amplification or TERT re-arrangement were negative for c-circles. Both ATRX aberrations and TERT re-arrangement were enriched in 11q-deleted samples. An association between older age at diagnosis and 1q-deletion was found in the ALT-positive group. TERT was frequently placed in juxtaposition to a previously established gene in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis or cancer in general. Given the importance of high-risk neuroblastoma, means for mitigating active telomere maintenance must be therapeutically explored.
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| 4. |
- Belkert, Ann-Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt datalexikon : Arbetspaket 1 - Öppen tillgång till digitala datablad för produktegenskaper baserat på datamallar
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I projektet Öppen tillgång till digitala datablad för produktegenskaper baserat på datamallar har det ingått att föra dialog med marknadens aktörer om förutsättningar för hur svenska aktörer kan möjliggöra en etablering av ett nationellt datalexikon och en plattform för att tillgängliggöra produktdatamallar. Dialogen genomfördes genom att bjuda in representanter från samhällsbyggnadssektorn till sex workshops. Arbetsmöten har genomförts för att förbereda workshops, utvärdera resultat, utforska samarbeten och tekniska lösningar.Framtida EU-lagstiftning kommer kräva digitala produktpass för alla produkter och vi förväntar oss att dessa ska vara baserade på datamallskonceptet. En digital produktdatamall baseras på egenskaper som finns definierade i ett datalexikon som i sin tur är synkade med andra datalexikon. När samma egenskap används av flera länder får man på så sätt en samordning. En ifylld produktdatamall blir ett produktdatablad. En fortsatt process behövs för att fastställa teknisk lösning, organisation och finansiering. Arbetspaketet har bidragit till många insikter, beslut och initiativ till samarbeten för det fortsatta arbetet.Arbetsmöten och workshops har även resulterat i ökad kunskap och insikter om krav enligt standarder och behov avseende teknisk lösning, tillämpningsanvisningar och internationell samverkan. Kontakt har tagits med och mottagits mycket väl hos PDT Norge och Cobuilder avseende samverkan under projektet och framöver. Representanter från Norge har medverkat på workshops och möten med svenska aktörer.Det fortsatta arbetet om framtida organisation för utveckling och förvaltning samt finansiering av en verksamhet för att tillgängliggöra datamallar och datalexikon kommer nu drivas med samma aktörer som i Regelforums styrgrupp, bland annat Byggmaterialindustrierna, Byggföretagen, Byggherrarna och Fastighetsägarna.Finansiering av ett sådant arbete behöver lösas, då resurser inte finns via regelforumet. Arbetet kommer genomföras utanför detta projekt, men resultaten kommer redovisas.Projektet arbetar vidare med den digitala plattformen, hur datamallar ska kunna kommuniceras mellan olika domäner samt implementering av såväl produktdatamallar som systemdatamallar, dvs för byggdelar och andra objekt såsom utrymmen, byggnadsverk samt byggnadsverkskomplex.
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| 5. |
- Ek, Susanne
(författare)
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Essays on Unemployment Insurance Design
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1: This paper adds to the literature on the effects of unemployment insurance (UI) on post-unemployment outcomes. A vast literature has established a relationship between the generosity of UI and unemployment duration. However, little is known about the impact of UI benefits on subsequent labor market outcomes. UI reduces search efforts but provides workers with more time to find a suitable job. To estimate the causal impact of benefit levels on several measures of job quality, I use a kink in the relationship between previous wages and benefits that is induced by the cap on UI benefits in Sweden. Like those of previous research, my findings indicate that higher UI benefits prolong unemployment duration. I also find that higher UI benefits decrease annual earnings and monthly wages. This negative effect on incomes continues to persist up to nine years after entry into unemployment. I find no effects of UI benefits on the probability of obtaining a full-time job, the employment probability in subsequent years, the duration of future employment or unemployment spells. In combination, these results suggest that workers gain, in monetary terms, from lower unemployment benefits.Essay 2: (with Bertil Holmlund) The paper develops an equilibrium search and matching model where two-person families as well as singles participate in the labor market. We show that marital status as well as spousal labor market status matter for wage outcomes: members of two-worker families receive higher wages than employed singles and also higher wages than employed members of two-person families where spouses are unemployed. The model is applied to a welfare analysis of alternative unemployment insurance systems, recognizing the role of spousal employment as a partial substitute for public insurance.Essay 3: (with Bertil Holmlund) A significant fraction of the labor force consists of employed workers who are part-time unemployed (underemployed) in the sense that they are unable to work as much as they prefer. This paper develops a search and matching model to study the design of optimal unemployment insurance in an economy with unemployment as well as part-time unemployment. Part-time unemployment provides income insurance and serves also as a stepping stone to full-time jobs. Unemployment benefits for part-timers increase the outflow from unemployment to part-time work but reduce the outflow from part-time work to full-time employment. We examine the optimal structure of benefits for unemployed and underemployed workers. The results indicate non-negligible welfare gains associated with time limits for unemployment benefits as well as for part-time benefits. The welfare gains from optimal UI are larger when wages are fixed than when they are flexible.Essay 4: This paper studies whether the optimal unemployment benefit levels should vary over the business cycle. Previous research suggests that policy makers should indeed make unemployment insurance (UI) dependent on the business cycle because the UI can be used to smooth consumption across different economic states. However, high benefits increase unemployment. An alternative way to redistribute income is to vary tax rates over the business cycle. In this paper, we develop an equilibrium search and matching model with risk-averse workers and two states, namely, a good and a bad state. The model yields potential ambiguity concerning the welfare effects of business cycle-dependent UI. The model is calibrated to United States (U.S.) labor market data. The numerical results suggest that higher benefits in the bad state are optimal, but the benefit differential is small. A more efficient way for policy makers to redistribute income over the business cycle is to decrease consumption taxes in the bad state. Compared to an optimal uniform system, however, differentiation yields small welfare gains. Nevertheless, imposing two tax rates strictly dominates imposing two benefit levels. This finding is robust to a wide range of sensitivity checks.
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| 6. |
- Ek, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Family Job Search, Wage Bargaining, and Optimal Unemployment Insurance
- 2010
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Ingår i: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. - Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University. - 1935-1682. ; 10:1, s. Contributions-Article 47
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper develops an equilibrium search and matching model where two-person families as well as singles participate in the labor market. We show that equilibrium entails wage dispersion among equally productive risk-averse workers. Marital status as well as spousal labor market status matter for wage outcomes. In general, employed members of two-person families receive higher wages than employed singles. The model is applied to a welfare analysis of alternative unemployment insurance systems, recognizing the role of spousal employment as partial substitute for public insurance. The optimal system involves benefit differentiation based on marital status as wellas spousal labor market status. Optimal differentiation yields small welfare gains but gives rise to large wage differentials.
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| 7. |
- Ek, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Part-Time Unemployment and Optimal Unemployment Insurance
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A significant fraction of the labor force consists of employed workers who are part-time unemployed (underemployed) in the sense that they are unable to work as much as they prefer. This paper develops a search and matching model to study the design of optimal unemployment insurance in an economy with unemployment as well aspart-time unemployment. Part-time unemployment provides income insurance and serves as a stepping stone to full-time jobs. Unemployment benefits for part-timers increase the outflow from unemployment to part-time work but reduce the out flow from part-time work to fulltime employment. We examine the optimal structure of benefits for unemployed and underemployed workers. The results indicate nonnegligible welfare gains associated with time limits for unemployment benefits as well as for part-time benefits. The welfare gains from optimal UI are larger when wages are fixed than when they are flexible.
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| 8. |
- Ek, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Part-time unemployment and optimal unemployment insurance
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Tax and Public Finance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0927-5940 .- 1573-6970. ; 22:2, s. 201-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant fraction of the labor force consists of employed workers who are part-time unemployed (underemployed) in the sense that they are unable to work as much as they prefer. This paper studies the design of optimal unemployment insurance in an economy with unemployment as well as part-time unemployment. Part-time work provides income insurance and serves as a stepping stone to full-time jobs. Unemployment benefits for part-timers reduce the outflow from part-time work to full-time employment. However, such benefits also increase the outflow from unemployment to part-time work, thereby reducing unemployment. We examine the optimal structure of benefits for unemployed and underemployed workers. The results indicate that there are welfare gains from part-time benefits. Moreover, there are welfare gains associated with time limits for unemployment benefits as well as for part-time benefits. The welfare gains from optimal insurance are larger when wages are fixed than when they are flexible.
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| 9. |
- Ek, Susanne
(författare)
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Unemployment benefits or taxes : How should policy makers redistribute income over the business cycle?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies optimal unemployment benefit levels and optimal proportional income tax rates over the business cycle. Previous research suggests that policy makers should make unemployment insurance (UI) dependent on the business cycle because the UI system can be used to smooth consumption across different economic states. However, high bene.ts increase unemployment. An alternative way to redistribute income is to vary tax rates over the business cycle. In this paper, we develop an equilibrium search and matching model with risk-averse workers and two states, namely, a good and a bad state. The model yields potential ambiguity concerning the welfare e¤ects of business cycle-dependent UI. The model is calibrated to United States (U.S.) labor market data. The numerical results suggest that higher benefits in the bad state are optimal, but the benefit differential is small. A more efficient way for policy makers to redistribute income over the business cycle is to decrease taxes in the bad state. Compared to an optimal uniform system, however, differentiation yields small welfare gains. Nevertheless, imposing two tax rates strictly dominates imposing two benefit levels. This finding is robust to a wide range of sensitivity checks.
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