| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Arneson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of empowerment processes in a workplace health promotion intervention based on learning in Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 20:4, s. 351-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate a theory-based method for workplace health promotion (WHP) with regard to possible facilitation of empowerment processes. The intervention tool was the pedagogic method known as problem-based learning (PBL). The aim of the intervention was to promote empowerment and health among the employees. The intervention was implemented in three organizations within the public sector in Sweden, in a bottom-up approach. All employees, including management, in each organization, were offered the opportunity to participate (n = 113) and 87% (n = 97) participated. The intervention was implemented in 13 groups of six to eight participants who met once a week over a period of 4 months. The predetermined overall goal of the intervention was to promote employee health within the organizational setting. A facilitator in each group and a group-specific mutual agreement guided the intervention, as did the problem solving process. The participants set goals and developed strategies to reach their goals between the meetings. Thirty informants were interviewed in seven focus groups after the intervention about the intervention method and the process, following a semi-structured theme guide. The phenomenographic analysis resulted in six descriptive categories: reflection, awareness and insight, self-direction and self-management, group coherence, social support and actions. The results correspond to established theories of components of empowerment processes. The method initiated processes of change at organizational, workplace and individual levels as the participants examined their work situation, determined problems and initiated solutions. Social support and group coherence were expressed as essential in order to transform challenging strategies into action and goal realization. The findings indicate that systematic improvements of social support and group coherence among employees ought to be facilitated by the organization as a health-promoting arena. PBL appears to be a profitable and powerful instrument with the potential to enable empowerment.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Arneson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring empowerment in working life : a review
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 26:1, s. 37-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study identifies and describes questionnaires that measure empowerment in working life. Theoretical bases and empirical examination of the questionnaires are also reported. Nine questionnaires emerged from a database search including AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE and PSYCINFO. The main target groups were employees in general. Most authors share the same theoretical basis. Most of the questionnaires focus on intra- individual issues, while a smaller number deal with the interaction between individual and organization. Control and competence are frequently used dimensions. Cronbach's alpha for complete questionnaires ranged between 0.62 and 0.96. No comparisons with outcome of health were reported. Spreitzer's questionnaire [54] has undergone the most comprehensive investigation. Research is required to achieve better understanding of the interplay between conditions at work and empowerment and health.
|
|
| 7. |
- Arneson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychiological empowerment at the workplace and self-rated health and burnout : a 2-yeah longitudinal analysis in a sample of Swedish employees
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore the gender-specific longitudinal association between psychological empowerment at the workplace and self-rated health and burnout in a working population.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The participants were employees working in the public service sector in central Sweden. The baseline survey was carried out in 2001 and the follow-up in 2003. The questionnaire was answered by 715 respondents at both points in time (overall response rate 67%). Measures used were Psychological Empowerment Instrument by Spreitzer, the SF-36, the EQ-5D, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Gender specific differences in average score for self-rated health and burnout at follow-up were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, education, study cohort and self-rated health and burnout at baseline. An analysis on interactional effects due to gender was also performed.RESULTS: For women, increasing levels of psychological empowerment at work at baseline are associated with less bodily pain, better physical role function and mental health in the multivariate analysis at follow-up two years later. For men, increased psychological empowerment at baseline is significantly associated with better self-rated health as measured by the EQ-5D VAS at follow-up in the multivariatc analysis. Higher levels of psychological empowerment at baseline show a statistically significant association with a lower degree of burnout at follow-up in the univariate analysis for men and women. However, the associations diminished after adjustments in the multivariate analyses. No significant gender x empowerment interaction appeared.CONCLUSION: Psychological empowerment in working life was associated with somatic and mental aspects of SRH two years later for women. Men seem to be less affected by psychological empowerment, yet an association with the EQ-5D V AS appeared. Psychological empowerment did not predict burnout two years later for either men or women.
|
|
| 8. |
- Arneson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological empowerment and self-rated health and burnout in a sample of Swedish employees
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore the gender-specific association between psychological empowerment and self-rated health and burnout in a working population.MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1,243 employees (response rate 81% (n=1007), 65 % females). Psychological empowerment was measured by the Spreitzer questionnaire, developed for a working life context. The questionnaire includes the subscales: meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. Self-rated health was evaluated with EQ-5D and SF-36 and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout.RESULTS: Men reported a greater degree of empowerment than women in terms of self-determination and impact. Significant associations (p<0.05) were found between psychological empowerment and self-rated health and burnout. Men and women with higher levels of empowerment reported significantly better health compared to those with lower levels of empowerment. In multivitriate analyses, all four subscales of empowerment were associated with burnout among both men and women. The most pronounced association with self-rated health was seen for the subscale impact. These associations were particularly strong among women.CONCLUSION: Psychological empowerment in working life is associated with self-rated health and burnout. Interventions aiming to promote health at work or aiming to prevent burnout may therefore benefit if they comprise empowerment in terms of impact, self-determination, meaning and competence. Also, workplace health promotion that includes empowerment processes should be gender conscious.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Arneson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological empowerment, social support at the workplace and self-rated health and burnout : a 2-year longitudinal analysis in a sample of Swedish employees
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore the gender-specific longitudinal association between a combination of psychological empowerment and social support at the workplace and self-rated health and burnout in a working population.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The participants were employees working in the public service sector in central Sweden. The baseline survey in two cohorts was carried out in 2001 and the follow-up in 2003. The questionnaire was answered by 715 respondents at both points in time (overall response rate 67%). Measures used were the Psychological Empowerment Instrument by Spreitzer, the social support dimension in the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire, the SF-36, the EQ-5D, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Based on empirical medians, psychological empowerment and social support at baseline were combined into four categories. Mlltivariate comparisons adjusted for age, education, study cohort and SRH and burnout at baseline were performed using multiple linear regression analysis. The genderxempowerment and social support interaction effect was assessed in the multiple linear regression analysis. All analyses were performed for men and women separately.RESULTS: For women, a combination of high psychological empowerment and high social support at the workplace, in comparison with a combination of low psychological empowerment and low social support, is strongly associated with better SRH (bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, mental health, the EQ-5D VAS, and EQ-5D index) and lower levels of work-related burnout at the 2-year follow-up after adjusting for demographics and baseline SRH and burnout. For men, there are univariate associations with burnout and some associations with SRH. After adjustments for demographics and baseline SRH and burnout, psychological empowerment and social support is associated with SRH as measured by the EQ-5D VAS for men. The gender x empowerment and social support interaction analyses confirm gender differences regarding bodily pain, social function, and work-related burnout.CONCLUSION: A combination of psychological empowerment and social support in working life strongly affects SRH and work-related burnout two years later for women, but only in part for men.
|
|
