| 1. |
- Johansson Blight, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Medical and licit drug use in an urban/rural study population with refugee background, 7-8 years into resettlement
- 2008
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Ingår i: GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine. - 1860-5214. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Research into medical and licit drug use in resettled refugee populations is scarce, despite the fact that mental health status often has been found to be poorer than in general populations. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-rated use of medicine and licit drugs among adults who came to Sweden from Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993/94) and who in 2001 were living in either an urban (low employment context) or a rural (high employment context) region (n=4185).Methods: Prevalence was estimated from a cross-sectional questionnaire distributed to a representative sample (n=650) in 2001 (63.5% response rate).Results: The study population estimates of usage of sedatives (26.5%), sleeping tablets (26.2%) and antidepressants (22.3%) did not differ by gender but did so by region, with a higher urban prevalence. The consumption of alcohol (5.1%) and cigarettes (41.0%) did not differ by region but men reported higher alcohol consumption than women.Conclusion: The high consumption of medicine (compared with general populations) raises the question of treatment efficiency and the need for public health attention and evaluation many years after resettlement. Factors to consider for further research with analytic prerequisites concern indications that regional differences may be influenced, not only by urban employment being lower but also by urban/rural differences in prescription rates and/or access to health care; moreover, there might have been a selection to the urban region of older people, with a more vulnerable family situation, and/or poorer mental health. Finally, the overall alcohol (low) and cigarettes (high) consumption in the study population followed prevalence patterns found in Bosnia-Herzegovina rather than in Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Zackrisson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year results from a Swedish study on conventional versus accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - The ARTSCAN study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 100:1, s. 41-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Studies on accelerated fractionation (AF) in head and neck cancer have shown increased local control and survival compared with conventional fractionation (CF), while others have been non-conclusive. In 1998 a national Swedish group decided to perform a randomised controlled clinical study of AF. Materials and methods: Patients with verified squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx (except glottic T1-T2, N0) and hypopharynx were included. Patients with prior chemotherapy or surgery were excluded. Patients were randomised to either CF (2Gy/day, 5days/week for 7 weeks, total dose 68Gy) or to AF (1.1Gy+2.0Gy/day, 5days/week for 4.5weeks, total dose 68Gy). An extensive quality assurance protocol was followed throughout the study. The primary end point was loco-regional tumour control (LRC) at two years after treatment. RESULTS: The study was closed in 2006 when 750 patients had been randomised. Eighty-three percent of the patients had stages III-IV disease. Forty eight percent had oropharyngeal, 21% laryngeal, 17% hypopharyngeal and 14% oral cancers. There were no significant differences regarding overall survival (OS) or LRC between the two regimens. The OS at two years was 68% for AF and 67% for CF. The corresponding figures for LRC were 71% and 67%, respectively. There was a trend towards improved LRC for oral cancers treated (p=0.07) and for large tumours (T3-T4) (p=0.07) treated with AF. The AF group had significantly worse acute reactions, while there was no significant increase in late effects. Conclusion: Overall the AF regimen did not prove to be more efficacious than CF. However, the trend towards improved results in AF for oral cancers needs to be further investigated.
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| 3. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the relationship between energy performance and IEQ parameters in school buildings
- 2021
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2555-0403 .- 2267-1242. ; 246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, strong focus has been placed on the energy efficiency of buildings; not least school buildings. Energy performance (EP) of buildings is nowadays in principle described by one single indicator based on purchased energy in kWh/year.m2. Another important building performance aspect is the indoor environmental quality. This study's overarching goal is to identify school buildings with a good balance between energy performance and indoor environment. Thus, this paper investigates possible correlations between information given in energy performance certificates (EPCs/e.g. energy use, year of construction, type of ventilation) and measured indoor environmental parameters. The work comprises investigation of approximately 20 school buildings with different ventilation systems in Gothenburg. In-situ investigations of the buildings' properties and ventilation systems were conducted. Indoor environmental parameters were recorded during one week in each classroom. In this paper, indoor temperature, absolute humidity added indoors and CO2 concentration data are compared with the corresponding school's energy performance data and ventilation type. Results suggest that mechanically ventilated buildings have clearer relationships between energy performance, building indicators and measured indoor environment. For buildings such as naturally ventilated, the relationships are usually weak, and the values spread over much wider ranges.
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| 4. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Measured and perceived IEQ under different ventilation strategies in Swedish classrooms
- 2022
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environmental quality was assessed in Swedish primary school classrooms grouped into three categories based on the ventilation system: 1) natural or exhaust ventilation, 2) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with constant air volume (CAV), 3) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). Measurements of NO2, ozone, TVOC, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 and a questionnaire survey were conducted. The concentrations of pollutants were integrated into Indoor Air Pollution Index allowing the rank comparison of classrooms. Children’s perception scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses. Naturally ventilated classrooms had higher level of air pollution. No significant differences in pollutant levels were observed between classrooms with CAV and VAV systems. The type of ventilation system affected the subjective assessment of indoor air quality; it was worst in naturally ventilated classrooms.
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| 5. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Ventilation strategies and indoor air quality in Swedish primary school classrooms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - Göteborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 226, s. 109744-109744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed at investigating the effects of ventilation strategies on indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools. Measurements of thermal environment and IAQ were performed over 5 school days in 45 primary school classrooms in Gothenburg, Sweden, grouped into three categories according to their ventilation system: category A) natural or exhaust ventilation, or automated window opening; category B) balanced mechanical ventilationsystems with constant air volume (CAV) and category C) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). The classrooms performed equally well with respect to temperature and relative humidity regardless of the ventilation system. The concentrations of the air pollutants in all classrooms were generally below the respective guideline values. The concentrations of CO2, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 were lower in the B and C category classrooms with higher ventilation rates than in the A category classrooms. Indoor Air Pollution Index integrating concentrations of multiple pollutants was significantly higher the A category classrooms, reflecting poorer IAQ. Majority of the classrooms had lower ventilation rates than the Swedish ventilation requirements. The periodically reduced ventilation rates in the classrooms with VAV systems did not lead to substantial increase in the measured indoor pollutant concentrations.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-
(författare)
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Essays on Discrimination in Hiring
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays on discrimination in hiring. Essay I (co-authored with Dan-Olof Rooth) present evidence of ethnic discrimination in the recruitment process by sending fictitious applications to real job openings. Applications with identical skills were randomly assigned Middle Eastern or Swedish-sounding names and applications with a Swedish name receive fifty percent more callbacks for an interview. We extend previous analyses by adding register and interview information on firms/recruiters to the experimental data. We find that male recruiters and workplaces with fewer than twenty employees less often call applications with a Middle Eastern name for an interview. Essay II extends previous field experiments that study ethnic discrimination in the labour market by comparing discrimination of first and second generation immigrants from the same ethnic group. Qualitatively identical resumes, belonging to first and second generation immigrants from the Middle East, were sent to employers in Sweden that had advertised for labour. The findings suggest, somewhat unexpectedly, that first and second generation immigrants have essentially the same probability of being invited to a job interview, which in turn is significantly lower than the probability of invitation to interview for natives. Accordingly, the factor leading to discrimination in employers responses appears to be ethnicity per se and not an applicant’s country of birth, foreign mother-tongue, and foreign education. Essay III (co-authored with Dan-Olof Rooth) utilizes the extensive media coverage that occurred when the data collection of essay I and II were only halfway finished. This informed the employers that their hiring practices were being monitored by such situation testing. These unique events and the data from the situation tests are utilized to perform a difference-in-differences analysis of whether discrimination decreased after the media coverage. The results reveal no sign that employers changed their hiring practices after they became aware of the risk of being included in such a situation test. The policy implication of this relates to the fact that EU countries vary in the extent to which they allow situation test results to constitute evidence of ethnic discrimination in court. Our results suggest that the detection risk alone is not sufficient, but must be combined with some penalty to become effective, if authorities wish to use situation testing as a discrimination prevention strategy. Essay IV studies whether sex discrimination is the cause of sex segregation in the Swedish labor market. The correspondence testing (CT) method was used, which entails two qualitatively identical applications, one with a female name and one with a male name, being sent to employers advertising for labor. The results show that, on average, females have a somewhat higher callback rate to interview in female-dominated occupations, while in male-dominated occupations there is no evidence of any difference. This suggests that the bulk of the sex segregation prevailing in the Swedish labor market cannot be explained by discrimination in hiring. Instead, the explanation is likely to be found on the supply side.
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| 7. |
- Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Låg luftfuktighet i svenska bostäder – ett problem?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energi & miljö. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Låg relativ luftfuktighet inomhus är ett problem i många svenska bostäder under uppvärmningssäsongen, mera i lägenheter än i småhus, i hus byggda efter 1985 och i de norra delarna av landet. Ventilation av nya bostäder blir en allt viktigare faktor med avseende på luftfuktigheten inomhus.
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