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- Sundin, Maria, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Mars - a target for teachers and science students
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contribution to IAU 367S, Education and Heritage in the Era of Big Data in Astronomy, 8-12 December 2020..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A case study is here presented of an interdisciplinary course about Mars for teachers and science students. We aim to share the experience of creating an interdisciplinary approach with lecturers spanning physics, geology, radiation physics and philosophy. Issues in ethics, morality, rights and obligations, conflict management and human psychology as well as rocket orbits, fuel economy, radiation hazards and knowledge of the solar system have proven to be a valued and successful initiative for the further training of teachers and science students. The focus of the course is on planning for a journey with humans to the planet Mars. This provides a great opportunity to package complex societal problems in a physics context. The course is offered with a special sustainability content mark. Mankind has always had a strong and dependent relationship with the physical landscape. The land has given us food and shelter but also imposed challenges and disasters. Understanding the physical environment has been crucial for our survival and development. The same will be equally, or more important for Mars where life conditions are much more extreme. We highlight similarities and differences in the geologic processes that have shaped Earth and Mars. What conditions do the future explorers on Mars have to manage? We then enter the modern era and explore the dynamic Martian landscape of today. Also, by learning to read the landscape we may find locations of shelter such as vast systems of lava tubes, or locations of essential resources such as preserved glacial ice etc. A journey to Mars will cause substantially higher personal irradiation than obtained on Earth. The radiation part of the course lectures starts with defining the different radiation types and the biological effects these different types of radiation will cause. Then, the difference between the irradiation on Earth to the elevated irradiation in space and on Mars is described. Thereafter, it is discussed if this elevated radiation burden can cause acute biological effects, e.g. fatigue, vomiting and death, and late biological effects as cancer induction. Last, possible radiation protection strategies are described and discussed. The philosophy of space exploration consists of philosophical approaches to ethics, presently applied to the topic of Mars exploration and colonization, with environmental ethics (anthropocentric vs ecocentric) and value theory at its core. Four main uses of philosophy are distinguished: ethics, aesthetics, cognition and existentialism. Research has shown that visual representation is an important part for students to be able to create a deeper understanding of concepts as well as context about the material that is taught. Interdisciplinary and complex societal problems have also been shown to be important in science teaching. One way for the teacher to develop his/her teaching is to take further education courses in universities whose focus is to seek and discuss the complex societal problems as well as its solutions from a physics and teacher perspective. Future research could be done on the impact of this course on the education in different levels.
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| 2. |
- Sundin, Maria, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Mars – a target for teachers and science students
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol 15, Symposium 367S. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An interdisciplinary course about Mars for teachers and science students is presented. The focus of the course is on planning for a journey with humans to the planet Mars. Issues in ethics, morality, rights and obligations, conflict management and human psychology as well as rocket orbits, fuel economy, radiation hazards and knowledge of the solar system are included. Examination of the teacher students include interpretation of the course material for future pedagogical usage.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Robin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated analysis of dynamic vehicle-track interaction and plasticity induced damage in the presence of squat defects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems, Colorado Springs, USA, August-September 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite significant efforts, the mechanisms behind the formation of squats – a form of rolling contact fatigue damage – are not fully understood. This study employs numerical simulations to investigate the propensity of squat initiation in the vicinity of small, isolated rail surface irregularities. Time domain dynamic vehicle–track interaction analysis is used to obtain wheel–rail contact stress distributions, which are mapped onto a continuum finite element model that accounts for plastic deformation of the rail material. The evaluated stress and strain fields are quantified using two RCF impact measures: accumulated effective strain and the Jiang-Sehitoglu multiaxial low cycle fatigue parameter. It is shown that the RCF impact increases with increasing size of the surface irregularity and that clustering of irregularities might strongly promote RCF. The friction coefficient is identified as a very influential parameter. Further, the effect of variations in friction along the rail is evaluated. It is shown that a short rail section of low friction results in fairly high RCF impact.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Robin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated analysis of dynamic vehicle–track interaction and plasticity induced damage in the presence of squat defects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648. ; 366-367:SI, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite significant efforts, the mechanisms behind the formation of squats – a form of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage – are not fully understood. This study employs numerical simulations to investigate the propensity of squat initiation in the vicinity of small, isolated rail surface irregularities. Time-domain dynamic vehicle–track interaction analysis is used to obtain wheel–rail contact stress distributions, which are mapped onto a continuum finite element model that accounts for plastic deformation of the rail material. The evaluated stress and strain fields are quantified using two RCF impact measures: accumulated effective strain and the Jiang–Sehitoglu multiaxial low cycle fatigue parameter. It is shown that the RCF impact increases with increasing size of the surface irregularity and that clustering of irregularities might strongly promote RCF. The friction coefficient is identified as a very influential parameter and also the effect of variations in friction along the rail is evaluated.
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| 6. |
- Kabo, Elena, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Rolling contact fatigue prediction for rails and comparisons with test rig results
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 224:F4, s. 303-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tests in a full-scale roller rig, a full-scale linear test rig, and a twin-disc machine are numerically evaluated and compared in terms of rolling contact fatigue loading. From previously evaluated contact patch sizes, a Whler curve relationship is established and matched towards experimentally established fatigue lives. In addition, non-linear finite-element simulations are carried out. Key data needed for the numerical evaluations, as well as difficulties in translating experimental data to numerical models are highlighted. A key parameter here is the interfacial wheel-rail friction. Additional simulations were carried out to establish the latter. However, the conformal contact in the linear test rig makes such simulations very uncertain.
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| 7. |
- Stridsman, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The first years of the Swedish National Airway register
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : ERS Publications. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:Suppl 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR) was initiated to improve and ensure quality of care for patients with asthma and COPD.Aim: To describe the register design of SNAR and unique patients between the years of 2014 until 2019.Methods: SNAR has been ongoing since 2013 and includes patients with asthma (both children and adults) and COPD from primary and secondary care (both in- and outpatients). Data about healthcare provider, symptoms, comorbidities, additional investigations (i.e. spirometry) and prescribed treatment is registered. The registrations are performed manually by healthcare professionals, or directly transmitted from medical records to a web-based platform.Results: In 2019, 853 primary care clinics, 125 secondary care clinics (whereof 62 pediatric clinics) and 24 inpatient wards were linked to the register. Data was directly transmitted from medical records of about 80% of the clinics, and manually by 20%. The register includes in total 205833 unique patients with asthma and 80372 with COPD. Registrations of new patients and follow-up visits in 2019 applied 73788 patients with asthma (58% women, mean age 44yr) whereof 10190 were <11yr and 6248 were 12-17yr, 33276 with COPD (57% women, mean age 73yr), and 5013 with both asthma and COPD (ACO) (61% women, mean age 71yr). In COPD, the proportion of patients in GOLD 1-4 were; GOLD1 15%, GOLD2 55%, GOLD3 25% GOLD4 5%. During 2019, 1506 registered patients with asthma and 3791 with COPD died.Conclusion: The SNAR has cumulatively registered over 280000 individuals and provides a unique insight into the care of patients with asthma and COPD in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Sundin, Maria, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Minor Bodies Making an Impact on Education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Virtual poster presentation at the 53rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, LPSC 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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