| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 79:3, s. 228-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates.This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria.Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF.Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations.Among the 19097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10148 women [53.1%]) included, 10139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P=.04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P=.004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P=.18).This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hyvonen, R., et al.
(författare)
-
The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review
- 2007
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - Cambridge : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 173:3, s. 463-480
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
|
|
| 5. |
- Håkansson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Gambling habits, gambling norms, and problem gambling in foreign born and native populations in Denmark — A general population survey
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Being foreign born, i.e. not born in the reception country or belonging to an ethnic minority, has been described as a risk factor of problem gambling, although research so far has been inconclusive. Also, there is limited knowledge about whether this association is caused by differing gambling norms. The present study aimed to study whether foreign origin is associated with problem gambling, when controlling for several potential risk factors, gambling frequency and beliefs about peer gambling, i.e. gambling norms. Methods: Cross-sectional web survey including 1970 adult individuals from the general population in Denmark (50% female), in April 2018. Binary analyses and hierarchical logistic regression with respect to associations between foreign origin, relevant co-factors and problem gambling. Results: Problem gambling was more common in individuals with foreign origin (15 vs 10%, p = 0.01). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male sex, gambling frequency, foreign origin, psychological distress, smoking, and number of gambling types used. Beliefs about peer gambling did not differ with respect to foreign origin, but were associated with problem gambling until one's own gambling frequency was entered into the model. Conclusions: When controlling for a number of relevant risk factors, foreign origin still appears to predict problem gambling. Gambling patterns or gambling norms are unlikely to be the sole explanation of the increased prevalence. The findings have implications for preventive work in the foreign born population, and gambling norms may be targeted in screening for at-risk gamblers.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- WINGSLE, G, et al.
(författare)
-
ACTIVITIES OF GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE IN RELATION TO CHANGES OF LIPIDS AND PIGMENTS DUE TO OZONE IN SEEDLINGS OF PINUS-SYLVESTRIS (L)
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 82:2, s. 167-178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) were exposed to ozone at a high-level, 300 ppb 8 h/day for 5 days, and at a low-level, 70-80 ppb 8 h/day for 10 days. In the high-level and low-level experiment the chlorophyll a content decreased 11% and 8%, respectively. The high-level ozone experiment affected the xanthophyll cycle by a 19% higher level of violaxanthin in the exposed seedlings compared to controls at day 5. This was also accompanied by a 42% lower concentration of zeaxanthin. No significant changes of the carotenoids neoxanthin, lutein, alpha-carotene or beta-carotene were found. The molar ratio monogalactosyl diacylglycerol/digalactosyl diacylglycerol decreased by 11% in the high-level ozone exposure. This suggests that the galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyl transferase, located in the outer envelope membrane of the chloroplast, was stimulated by ozone. No significant changes in the total membrane lipid or the acyl group composition was detected. In the high-level ozone experiment the concentration of soluble protein increased in the exposed seedlings during the last 3 days of the experimental period without any change in total protein. No visible damages were observed. The results showed that the activity of the defence enzymes superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) was not altered after ozone exposure.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
