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- Aumailley, M, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified laminin nomenclature
- 2005
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Ingår i: Matrix Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-1802 .- 0945-053X. ; 24:5, s. 326-332
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simplification of the laminin nomenclature is presented. Laminins are multidomain heterotrimers composed of alpha, beta and gamma chains. Previously, laminin trimers were numbered with Arabic numerals in the order discovered, that is laminins-1 to -5. We introduce a new identification system for a trimer using three Arabic numerals, based on the alpha, beta and gamma chain numbers. For example, the laminin with the chain composition alpha 5 beta 1 gamma 1 is termed laminin-511, and not laminin-10. The current practice is also to mix two overlapping domain and module nomenclatures. Instead of the older Roman numeral nomenclature and mixed nomenclature, all modules are now called domains. Some domains are renamed or renumbered. Laminin epidermal growth factor-like (LE) domains are renumbered starting at the N-termini, to be consistent with general protein nomenclature. Domain IVb of alpha chains is named laminin 4a (L4a), domain IVa of alpha chains is named L4b, domain IV of gamma chains is named L4, and domain IV of beta chains is named laminin four (LF). The two coiled-coil domains I and II are now considered one laminin coiled-coil domain (LCC). The interruption in the coiled-coil of 13 chains is named laminin beta-knob (L beta) domain. The chain origin of a domain is specified by the chain nomenclature, such as alpha IL4a. The abbreviation LM is suggested for laminin. Otherwise, the nomenclature remains unaltered.
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| 6. |
- Warren, Wesley C, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of a songbird
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7289, s. 757-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zebra finch is an important model organism in several fields with unique relevance to human neuroscience. Like other songbirds, the zebra finch communicates through learned vocalizations, an ability otherwise documented only in humans and a few other animals and lacking in the chicken-the only bird with a sequenced genome until now. Here we present a structural, functional and comparative analysis of the genome sequence of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), which is a songbird belonging to the large avian order Passeriformes. We find that the overall structures of the genomes are similar in zebra finch and chicken, but they differ in many intrachromosomal rearrangements, lineage-specific gene family expansions, the number of long-terminal-repeat-based retrotransposons, and mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation. We show that song behaviour engages gene regulatory networks in the zebra finch brain, altering the expression of long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors and their targets. We also show evidence for rapid molecular evolution in the songbird lineage of genes that are regulated during song experience. These results indicate an active involvement of the genome in neural processes underlying vocal communication and identify potential genetic substrates for the evolution and regulation of this behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Birge, John R., et al.
(författare)
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The value and cost of more stages in stochastic programing : a statistical analysis on a set of portfolio choice problems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quantitative finance (Print). - : Routledge; Taylor & Francis. - 1469-7688 .- 1469-7696. ; 22:1, s. 95-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequential decision problems under uncertainty are commonly studied with stochastic programing. An important modeling choice is the number of stages. More stages allow additional information to be captured, but is associated with a coarser representation of uncertainty may worsen solution quality. In this paper, we study this trade-off, with the objective to advance the understanding of how the number of stages affect solution quality in stochastic programing. We show: (i) how the optimistic bounds from stochastic programing gradually suggest improved performance with more stages, while the real solution quality simultaneously deteriorates; and (ii) that real performance can be improved by adding stages, but only up to some point, after which more stages are detrimental. Further, we highlight the importance of understanding what creates the value of more stages in the problem of interest, and particularly if this can be captured in models with few stages. The numerical experiments are based on the classic portfolio choice problem of an investor with constant relative risk aversion preferences, maximizing the expected utility of terminal wealth. We study instances with proportional transaction costs and predictability in returns, which takes this problem into an inherently multi-stage nature.
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- Ekblom, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of changes in arterial oxygen content on circulation and physical performance.
- 1975
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - 0021-8987. ; 39:1, s. 71-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the effect of different levels of arterial oxygen content on hemodynamic parameters during exercise nine subjects performed submaximal bicycle or treadmill exercise and maximal treadmill exercise under three different experimental conditions: 1) breathing room air (control); 2) breathing 50% oxygen (hyperoxia); 3) after rebreathing a carbon monoxide gas mixture (hypoxia). Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) was significantly higher in hyperoxia (4.99 1/min) and significantly lower in hypoxia (3.80 1/min) than in the control experiment (4.43 1/min). Physical performance changes in parallel with Vo2 max. Maximal cardiac output (Qmax) was similar in hyperoxia as in control but was significantly lower in hypoxia mainly due to a decreased stroke volume. A correlation was found between Vo2 max and transported oxygen, i.e., Cao2 times Amax, thus suggesting that central circulation is an important limiting factor for human maximal aerobic power. During submaximal work HR was decreased in hyperoxia and increased in hypoxia. Corresponding Q values were unchanged except for a reduction during high submaximal exercise in hyperoxia.
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